Direct, Indirect and total Spatial Impacts of Alcohol Outlets on Related Problem

酒类销售点对相关问题的直接、间接和总体空间影响

• 批准号: 8601678
• 负责人: PAUL J GRUENEWALD
• 金额: $ 40.72万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-01 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8601678
• 关键词: Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Area; Child Abuse and Neglect; Cities; Economics; Geographic Distribution; Goals; Growth; Income; Low income; Marketing; Measures; Minority; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Population; Prevention approach; Prevention program; Procedures; Public Health; Research; Risk; Statistical Methods; Statistical Models; Time; Ursidae Family; Vehicle crash; Work; alcohol demand; alcohol effect; alcohol related problem; assault; community based evaluation; cost; density; grasp; intimate partner violence; response; social

The research proposed in this component will explicate some large scale social and economic dynamics that affect geographic distributions of alcohol outlets, expose populations to risks associated with those outlets, and increase rates of alcohol problems. We will measure the spatial and temporal scale of outlet effects to estimate the direct, indirect and total impacts of physical availability on problems. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that the social and economic forces that affect outlet distributions involve spatial interactions between people and places that take place over multiple years. Studies of problems related to alcohol outlets suggest that similar spatial and temporal effects underiie outlet effects. If so, previous studies that focused on single years and small areas may have underestimated the impacts of outlet densities on problems. Current empirical work also indicates that outlets are over-concentrated in low income minority neighborhoods, in populations which are known to consume less alcohol. This suggests spatial displacement in market response to demand as outlets open in retail areas near to, but not in, high income neighborhoods with populations which consume more alcohol. If so, residents of low income neighborhoods may bear excess social costs related to outlets in the form of greater problems. The proposed research will assess the temporal and spatial impacts of the demand for alcohol upon outlet growth, MVCs, assaults, IPV and CAN from through 2016. The Specific Aims of the project are to: (1) Assess the growth of outlet densities, by type, in response to known population surrogates for alcohol demand over space and time, (2) Assess the growth of four problems related to alcohol outlets in response to surrogates for alcohol demand and outlet densities (MVCs, assaults, IPV, and CAN) over space and time, and (3) Calculate direct, indirect and total space-time effects from these models. Statistical models and methods used in this component will also: (4) Support archival evaluations of community-based environmental prevention programs (Component #2) and assist in the analysis of outcomes related to maladaptive parenting (CAN, Component #4). The short term goals of the project are to provide estimates of the size and significance of space-time lags in statistical assessments of effects related to outlet densities for four alcohol related problems. The long term goal is to develop a sense of scale for these effects in order to grasp their full public health impacts.

本部分提出的研究将阐明一些大规模的社会和经济动态 影响酒精销售点的地理分布，使人们面临与这些相关的风险 网点，并增加酗酒问题的发生率。我们将测量outlet的空间和时间尺度 影响来估计物理可用性对问题的直接、间接和总体影响。理论和 实证研究表明，影响网点分布的社会和经济力量涉及空间 人与地方之间发生多年的互动。相关问题的研究 酒精出口表明出口效应下存在类似的空间和时间效应。如果是的话，以前的研究 关注单一年份和小区域的研究可能低估了出口密度对 问题。目前的实证研究还表明，销售点过度集中于低收入少数群体 众所周知，饮酒较少的社区。这表明空间 由于零售店开设在靠近高收入地区（但不是高收入地区）的零售区，市场对需求的反应发生了变化 人口饮酒较多的社区。如果是这样，低收入社区的居民 可能会以更大的问题形式承担与网点相关的超额社会成本。 拟议的研究将评估酒精需求对时间和空间的影响 2016 年期间，网点增长、MVC、攻击、IPV 和 CAN。该项目的具体目标是： (1) 根据已知的酒精替代人群，按类型评估出口密度的增长 空间和时间上的需求， (2) 评估与酒类销售点相关的四个问题的增长，以应对酒类替代品 空间和时间上的需求和出口密度（MVC、攻击、IPV 和 CAN），以及 (3) 计算这些模型的直接、间接和总时空效应。 该组件中使用的统计模型和方法还将： (4) 支持社区环境防治项目的档案评估（组成部分） #2）并协助分析与适应不良养育方式相关的结果（CAN，组件#4）。 该项目的短期目标是提供时空大小和重要性的估计 对四种酒精相关问题的出口密度影响的统计评估存在滞后性。这 长期目标是对这些影响形成规模感，以便全面掌握其公共卫生状况 影响。