Sex/Drug Tourism at the US/Mexico Border: Social Network Influences on HIV Risk.

美国/墨西哥边境的性/毒品旅游：社交网络对艾滋病毒风险的影响。

• 批准号: 8528531
• 负责人: Karla D. Wagner
• 金额: $ 17.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8528531
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Address; Affect; Area; Award; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Border Crossings; California; Characteristics; Client; Country; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Disease; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Ecology; Educational workshop; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Exhibits; Female; Funding; Future; Geography; Goals; HIV; HIV Seroprevalence; HIV risk; Heroin; Home environment; Individual; International; Intervention; Laboratories; Laws; Learning; Life; Mediating; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methamphetamine; Methods; Mexican; Mexico; Pathway Analysis; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical environment; Policies; Population; Population Characteristics; Positioning Attribute; Prevention Research; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Shapes; Social Environment; Social Network; Structure; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vulnerable Populations; base; cocaine use; disease transmission; experience; high risk; male; men; public health relevance; sex; sex risk; skills; social; social norm; stem; therapy design; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is threefold. This award will allow me to: 1) learn a new skill set (social network analysis; SNA), 2) broaden my understanding of the social epidemiology of HIV among drug users in a new cultural and environmental context (the US/Mexico border), and 3) facilitate my transition to becoming a productive NIH-funded independent investigator at the University of California San Diego. The training aims will be accomplished through a combination of specific workshops and coursework, a hands-on practicum, and one-on-one mentoring with a Training Committee comprised of experts in the areas of HIV prevention research among vulnerable populations, behavioral intervention design, social network analysis, and HIV social epidemiology research in international contexts (and specifically the US/Mexico border region). The research aims will be accomplished by conducting a cross-sectional study of the social network factors associated with HIV risk behavior among 200 drug-using male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in Tijuana, Mexico. The US/Mexico border is experiencing a burgeoning HIV epidemic, concentrated among high-risk groups such as drug users and FSWs. Social network analysis (SNA) has been used for many years in the US to understand the role of drug user social networks in regional HIV transmission, but rarely has it been used between regions or across international borders, which are characterized by high levels of cross-border mobility. Understanding the role of social networks in highly mobile "bridging" populations is critical to a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of infectious disease transmission in border regions. The proposed research will allow me to apply newly acquired skills in SNA to evaluate the structure, composition, and influence of social networks, and the degree of interaction among drug, sex, and social networks of a particularly high-risk group: US and Tijuana-based drug-using male clients of FSWs. This population exhibits high rates of drug use (25% report ever injecting drugs, and up to 88% report lifetime use of cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine) and considerable sexual risk behavior with both FSWs and other partners (including 66% who report concurrent sex and drug use). Findings from the proposed research will be critical for developing tailored interventions for individuals at risk for HIV via sex and drug use in border regions, and for the development of future research into the mobility-HIV risk pathway. Further, developing skills in social network analysis will uniquely position me as one of only a handful of mixed-methods researchers in the field of drug abuse possessing such skills, and the only one in the Division of Global Public Health at the University of California San Diego. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The US/Mexico border is home to an evolving HIV epidemic among vulnerable groups such as drug users, including female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, but little social epidemiological research has assessed the role of social networks in influencing transmission of HIV in this region. Findings from the proposed research will be critical to bi-national efforts to develop tailored interventions for drug users at risk for HIV, and for the development of future long-term research into the influence of social networks on HIV risk among mobile "bridging" populations who have the potential to connect higher- and lower-risk groups. Further, developing skills in social network analysis will uniquely position the candidate as one of only a handful of mixed-methods researchers in the field of drug abuse possessing such skills, and the only one in the Division of Global Public Health at the University of California San Diego.

描述（由申请人提供）：这一指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）的目的是三倍。该奖项将使我能够：1）学习新技能集（社交网络分析； SNA），2）在新的文化和环境环境（美国/墨西哥边境）中，扩大我对吸毒者对艾滋病毒的社会流行病学的理解，以及3）促进我成为加利福尼亚大学的一项有效的NIH资助的独立研究员，以促进我的过渡。培训目标将通过特定的研讨会和课程，动手实践以及由培训委员会的一对一指导来实现，由培训委员会组成，该培训委员会由易受伤害人群的艾滋病毒预防研究，行为干预，社交网络分析以及HIV社会社会流行病学研究（以及国际上环境中的国际环境中）的专家组成。这项研究的目标将通过对墨西哥蒂华纳的200名女性性工作者（FSW）的200名使用毒品的男性客户（FSWS）中的艾滋病毒风险行为进行的横断面研究来实现。美国/墨西哥边境正在经历迅速发展的艾滋病毒流行病，集中在吸毒者和FSW等高风险群体中。社交网络分析（SNA）在美国已有多年历史来了解药物用户社交网络在区域艾滋病毒传播中的作用，但是很少在地区或国际边界之间使用它，这些地区的特征是高水平的跨境流动性。了解社交网络在高度流动的“桥接”人群中的作用对于对边境地区传染病传播的更细微和情境化的理解至关重要。拟议的研究将使我能够在SNA中运用新获得的技能来评估社交网络的结构，组成和影响，以及一个特别高风险群体的药物，性别和社交网络之间的互动程度：美国和基于蒂华纳的基于FSW的药物的男性客户。该人群表现出较高的吸毒率（25％报告了有没有注射药物的药物，多达88％的人报告可卡因，海洛因或甲基苯丙胺的终生使用）和FSWS和其他伴侣的性风险行为相当大（包括66％的人报告同时进行性和药物使用）。拟议研究的发现对于通过边境地区的性和药物使用以及开发未来对流动性HIV风险途径的研究的研究对患有艾滋病毒风险的人的量身定制干预措施至关重要。此外，在社交网络分析中发展技能将使我成为拥有此类技能的药物滥用领域中仅有的少数混合方法研究人员之一，也是加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥大学全球公共卫生部门唯一的一项。 公共卫生相关性：美国/墨西哥边境是弱势群体（包括女性性工作者（FSW）及其客户在内的弱势群体中不断发展的艾滋病毒流行病的家园，但几乎没有社会流行病学研究评估了社交网络在影响该地区HIV传播中的作用。拟议研究的结果对于双国努力至关重要，以开发有艾滋病毒风险的药物使用者的量身定制干预措施，以及对社交网络对艾滋病毒风险的影响的未来长期研究，这些人群在移动“桥接”人群中有可能连接高风险群体和低风险群体。此外，在社交网络分析方面发展技能将使候选人成为拥有此类技能的药物滥用领域中仅有的少数混合方法研究人员之一，也是加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥大学全球公共卫生部门的唯一一项。