Risk of Influenza Infection In A Vaccinated Obese Population

接种疫苗的肥胖人群感染流感的风险

• 批准号: 8447408
• 负责人: Melinda A. Beck
• 金额: $ 54.49万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8447408
• 关键词: Adult; African American; American; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; CD8B1 gene; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Clinical Research; Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes; Data; Disease Outbreaks; Drops; Effectiveness; Elderly; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epidemic; Failure; Goals; Grant; Health Status; Hospitalization; Immune System Diseases; Immune response; Immune system; Individual; Infection; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza vaccination; Measures; Memory; Morbidity - disease rate; Obesity; Overweight; Persons; Population; Population Study; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; ST14 gene; Seasons; Study Subject; Symptoms; T cell response; T-Lymphocyte; Time; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Weight; aging population; base; demographics; design; disorder prevention; flu; influenza virus vaccine; influenzavirus; insight; mortality; pandemic disease; pandemic influenza; pathogen; prevent; programs; response; seasonal influenza

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infection with influenza virus is responsible for a great deal of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In non-pandemic years, 10-20% of the population in the US is infected with influenza virus. In any given year, more than 120,000 persons are hospitalized and 36,000 Americans die from influenza and influenza-related complications. In the case of an influenza pandemic, each of these measures of morbidity and mortality would greatly increase. With the recent report that pandemic H1N1 influenza causes increased morbidity and mortality in an obese population, it is extremely important to determine if obese individuals are at an increased risk for influenza vaccine failure. Our preliminary data demonstrates that obese individuals have a steeper drop influenza specific antibody over time following vaccination compared with healthy weight individuals. In addition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) from obese individuals have a poorer response to influenza antigen stimulation in comparison with healthy weight individuals. This application is designed to determine if the obese population will have a higher rate of influenza infection and more severe symptoms when compared with healthy weight vaccinated individuals The elderly population has a higher rate of vaccine failure compared to a younger population, and many of the immune dysfunctions seen in the elderly (reduced antibody responses, impaired T cell reactivity) have also been found in the obese. This suggests that, similar to an aging population, an obese population may not respond adequately to flu vaccination. Our study will answer the following questions relating to vaccine responsiveness in an obese population: Does influenza vaccination fail to protect obese individuals from influenza infection to the same degree as healthy weight individuals? How rapidly does the antibody titer drop over time in a vaccinated obese population? What is the mechanistic basis for the diminished CD8 T cell response to vaccination in an obese individual? If we determine that obesity is associated with an impaired immune response to influenza vaccination and decreased protection against influenza infection, this would suggest that we need to re-evaluate our vaccination program, not only for influenza, but perhaps for other pathogens as well, in an increasingly obese US population.

描述（由申请人提供）：流感病毒的感染负责全球发病率和死亡率。在非大流行年中，美国有10-20％的人口感染了流感病毒。在任何给定的年份中，超过12万人住院，36,000名美国人死于流感和与流感有关的并发症。在流感大流行的情况下，这些发病率和死亡率的措施中的每一个都将大大增加。最近的报道称，大流行的H1N1流感会导致肥胖人群的发病率和死亡率增加，确定肥胖个体是否处于流感疫苗衰竭的风险增加非常重要。我们的初步数据表明，与健康的体重个体相比，肥胖个体随着时间的流逝，随着时间的推移，特异性抗体的下降幅度更高。此外，与健康体重个体相比，肥胖个体的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CD8+）对流感抗原刺激的反应较差。该应用旨在确定与健康的体重疫苗接种个体相比，与年轻人群相比，肥胖人群是否具有更高的流感感染率和更严重的症状，与年轻人的疫苗失败率更高，并且在老年人中看到的许多免疫功能障碍（抗体反应降低，T型T细胞反应性降低）也发现了肥胖症。这表明，与人口老龄化类似，肥胖人群可能对流感疫苗接种反应不足。我们的研究将回答肥胖人群中与疫苗反应性有关的以下问题：流感疫苗接种是否无法保护肥胖个体免受与健康体重个体相同程度的流感感染？在接种肥胖的肥胖人群中，抗体滴度随着时间的流逝而下降的速度如何？肥胖个体中CD8 T细胞对疫苗接种的反应减少的机理基础是什么？如果我们确定肥胖症与对流感疫苗接种的免疫反应受损和对流感感染的保护减少有关，这将表明我们需要重新评估我们的疫苗接种计划，不仅是流感，而且对于其他病原体也可能是越来越多的肥胖者。