Risk of Influenza Infection In A Vaccinated Obese Population

接种疫苗的肥胖人群感染流感的风险

• 批准号: 8002059
• 负责人: Melinda A. Beck
• 金额: $ 50.14万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8002059
• 关键词: Admission activity; Adult; American; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Characteristics; Child; Chronic; Cities; Country; Data; Diet; Effectiveness; Elderly; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Failure; Future; HIV; Health; Health Status; Heat shock proteins; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Vaccination; Immune System Diseases; Immune response; Immune system; Individual; Infection; Inflammatory; Influenza; Influenza vaccination; Laboratories; Measures; Morbidity - disease rate; Mus; Nosocomial Infections; Obese Mice; Obesity; Overweight; Patients; Persons; Pneumonia; Population; Proteins; Publishing; Reporting; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Seasons; Serum; Summary Reports; T-Lymphocyte; Tetanus; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccine Design; Vaccines; Viral; Virulent; Virus; aging population; base; design; diabetic; disorder prevention; expectation; flu; flu activity; high risk; inflammatory marker; influenza epidemic; influenza outbreak; influenza virus vaccine; influenzavirus; insight; medical attention; mortality; pandemic disease; pandemic influenza; pathogen; prevent; programs; protective effect; response; statistics; stress protein; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine efficacy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infection with influenza virus is responsible for a great deal of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In non-pandemic years, 10-20% of the population in the US is infected with influenza virus. In any given year, more than 120,000 persons are hospitalized and 36,000 Americans die from influenza and influenza-related complications. In the case of an influenza pandemic, each of these measures of morbidity and mortality would greatly increase. With the expectation of a pandemic influenza outbreak in the near future, it is extremely important to determine if obese individuals are at an increased risk for vaccine failure. Several published studies showing diminished antibody response to vaccination with hepatitis B in obese adults and diminished antibody response to tetanus vaccination in obese children and our own preliminary data in obese adults, suggests that obese individuals are at increased risk for higher rates of influenza vaccine failure. This proposal is designed to determine if the obese population has a diminished response to influenza vaccination. The elderly population has a higher rate of vaccine failure compared to a younger population, and many of the immune dysfunctions seen in the elderly (reduced antibody responses, impaired T cell reactivity) have also been found in the obese. This suggests that, similar to an aging population, an obese population may not respond adequately to flu vaccination. Our study will answer the following questions relating to vaccine responsiveness in an obese population: Does influenza vaccination protect an obese population from influenza infection to the same degree as a lean population? Is the response to influenza vaccine, measured by production of antibody as well as the ability of T cells to respond to influenza antigen, impaired in an obese population? Can levels and/or characteristics of the chronic inflammatory stress proteins found in obese individuals differentiate between those who respond to influenza vaccination and those that don't? If we determine that obesity is associated with an impaired immune response to influenza vaccination and decreased protection against influenza infection, this would suggest that we need to re-evaluate our vaccination program, not only for influenza, but perhaps for other pathogens as well, in an increasingly obese US population. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Rates of obesity are increasing rapidly worldwide resulting in major impacts on health status and disease prevention. Additionally, the threat of pandemic influenza has grown in recent years with the discovery of new strains and an increasingly susceptible population. Determination of influenza vaccination effectiveness in the obese population will provide an invaluable resource in determining the best way to prevent the initiation and spread of any forthcoming influenza pandemic and provide new insights into the effect of obesity on function of the immune system.

描述（由申请人提供）：流感病毒的感染负责全球发病率和死亡率。在非大流行年中，美国有10-20％的人口感染了流感病毒。在任何给定的年份中，超过12万人住院，36,000名美国人死于流感和与流感有关的并发症。在流感大流行的情况下，这些发病率和死亡率的措施中的每一个都将大大增加。随着在不久的将来会发生大流行性流感爆发，确定肥胖个体是否面临疫苗衰竭风险增加非常重要。几项发表的研究表明，肥胖成年人对丙型肝炎的抗体反应降低，肥胖儿童中对破伤风疫苗的抗体反应减少，我们在肥胖成年人中自己的初步数据表明，肥胖个体的流感疫苗失败率较高的风险增加。该提案旨在确定肥胖人群对流感疫苗接种的反应是否减少。与年轻人口相比，老年人群的疫苗失败率更高，并且在肥胖症中也发现了老年人中的许多免疫功能障碍（抗体反应降低，T细胞反应性降低）。这表明，与人口老龄化类似，肥胖人群可能对流感疫苗接种反应不足。我们的研究将回答肥胖人群中与疫苗反应有关的以下问题：流感疫苗接种是否可以保护肥胖人群免受流感感染的影响，与瘦人群相同？通过抗体的产生以及T细胞对流感抗原反应的能力（在肥胖种群中受损）对流感疫苗的反应？在肥胖个体中发现的慢性炎性应激蛋白的水平和/或特征可以区分对流感疫苗接种的人与不反应的人区分？如果我们确定肥胖症与对流感疫苗接种的免疫反应受损和对流感感染的保护减少有关，这将表明我们需要重新评估我们的疫苗接种计划，不仅是流感，而且对于其他病原体也可能是越来越多的肥胖者。公共卫生相关性：肥胖率正在迅速上升，从而对健康状况和预防疾病产生重大影响。此外，随着发现新菌株和日益易感人群的发现，大流行性流感的威胁已经增长。确定肥胖人群中流感疫苗的有效性的确定将为防止任何即将到来的流感大流行的启动和传播的最佳方法提供宝贵的资源，并为肥胖对免疫系统功能的影响提供新的见解。