Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control

认知控制的双重机制

• 批准号: 8506276
• 负责人: TODD S BRAVER
• 金额: $ 73.69万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2018-03-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8506276
• 关键词: Accounting; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavioral; Benchmarking; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognitive; Communities; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dissociation; Episodic memory; Experimental Designs; Forms Controls; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Goals; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Knowledge; Link; Liquid substance; Maps; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurosciences Research; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pattern; Policies; Population; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; Psychometrics; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Risk; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Siblings; Source; Task Performances; Testing; Twin Multiple Birth; Variant; Work; addiction; base; brain behavior; cognitive control; data modeling; data sharing; design; endophenotype; functional disability; genetic variant; healthy aging; indexing; interest; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neuropsychiatry; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; scale up; selective attention; success; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project focuses on understanding the psychological and neural mechanisms that give rise to cognitive control. Cognitive control processes are a component of human mental function that is fundamentally important in a wide range of domains, including attention, working memory, episodic memory, and decision making. Cognitive control disruptions are thought to be a major source of functional impairment for individuals suffering from a variety of mental health disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, ADHD, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc). Prior research, conducted over the last decade, has suggested that there may be a core dimension of variability related to the temporal dynamics and neural circuitry of cognitive control, which is reflected in shifts between two qualitatively distinct modes of control, proactive and reactive. This work has provided a strong experimental base of findings suggesting that this variability is: a) present in healthy individuals and occurs across a range of cognitive domains, b) observable in terms of unique dynamic neural signatures, and c) likely contributing to behavioral deficits in impaired populations (e.g., healthy aging, schizophrenia). However, to date, this research has been confined to small-scale studies focusing on single tasks and using restricted participant samples. In the current proposal represents a rigorous and ambitious attempt to "scale up" this research endeavor, through a large-sample study, involving within-subject fMRI assessments in multiple cognitive control domains, a combined correlational/experimental design, extensive characterization of individual differences variation, and sophisticated psychometric and statistical data modeling. A key feature of the proposed project is its integration and synergistic relationship with the on-going Human Connectome Project (HCP), which will provide the most comprehensive characterization of normative human brain function and variation in the history of neuroscience research. Specifically, as part of the current project, a subset of HCP participants (a diverse and well-characterized sample of MZ/DZ twins) will be recruited for retesting in tasks that are specifically designed to probe and dissociate proactive and reactive control, while utilizing the same fMRI scanner, acquisition, analysis and databasing protocols of the HCP. This will enable the project to achieve tight integration and linkage with comprehensive brain connectivity and genetic data acquired through the HCP. The key goal of the project will be to test and validate the provocative hypothesis that proactive and reactive control form distinct and coherent endophenotypic constructs that provide a bridge between genetic variation, neural circuitry and dynamics, and observable behavioral profiles. Success is in this effort will have important theoretical and clinical implications, by providing a clearer understanding of the sources of normal human variation, and even more importantly, highlighting potential risk vulnerability factors for a range of mental health disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目着重于理解产生认知控制的心理和神经机制。认知控制过程是人类心理功能的组成部分，在广泛的领域（包括注意力，工作记忆，情节记忆和决策）中至关重要。对于患有各种心理健康疾病和神经精神疾病的人（例如精神分裂症，抑郁症，ADHD，帕金森氏症，阿尔茨海默氏症等），认知控制中断被认为是功能障碍的主要来源。在过去十年中进行的先前研究表明，可能存在与时间动力学和认知控制的神经回路相关的可变性的核心维度，这反映在两种定性不同的控制模式之间，主动和反应性。这项工作为发现的强大实验基础表明，这种变异性是：a）存在于健康个体中，并且发生在一系列认知领域，b）可观察到独特的动态神经特征，c）可能有助于行为缺陷。在受损的人群中（例如，健康衰老，精神分裂症）。但是，迄今为止，这项研究仅限于小型研究，重点是单个任务并使用受限制的参与者样本。在当前的提案中，这是通过大型样本研究进行的严格而雄心勃勃的尝试，以“扩展”这项研究努力，涉及多个认知控制域中的受试者内FMRI评估，这是一个组合的相关/实验设计，广泛的个人差异表征变化以及复杂的心理测量和统计数据建模。拟议项目的关键特征是其集成和协同作用 与正在进行的人类连接项目（HCP）的关系，该项目将在神经科学研究史上提供最全面的人类脑功能和变化的特征。具体而言，作为当前项目的一部分，将招募HCP参与者的子集（MZ/DZ双胞胎的多样化且特征良好的样本），以重新测试专门设计的任务，以探测和解离主动和反应性控制HCP的同一fMRI扫描仪，采集，分析和数据库协议。这将使项目能够与通过HCP获取的全面大脑连接性和遗传数据实现紧密的整合和联系。该项目的关键目标是测试和验证挑衅性的假设，即主动和反应性控制形成不同且相干的内型型结构，该构建体提供了遗传变异，神经回路和动力学以及可观察到的行为特征之间的桥梁。成功在于这项工作将具有重要的理论和临床意义，通过对正常人类变异的来源有更清晰的了解，甚至更重要的是，突出了一系列心理健康障碍的潜在风险脆弱性因素。