Neural mechanism of preference formation during risky decisions

风险决策过程中偏好形成的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
8445740
负责人：
Taosheng Liu
金额：
$ 22.76万
依托单位：
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-04-01 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8445740
关键词：
Accounting Address Anterior Area Award Behavior Behavioral Belief Brain imaging Characteristics Choice Behavior Cognitive Communities Computer Simulation Conscious Data Decision Making Drug abuse Drug usage Evaluation Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Mechanisms Gambling Image Impairment Impulsivity Insula of Reil Judgment Knowledge Learning Link Measures Methods Modeling National Institute of Drug Abuse Outcome Parietal Participant Personality Traits Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Process Psychometrics Reaction Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Rewards Risk Running Sampling Science Signal Transduction Simulate Source Staging System Time Translating base cognitive neuroscience college computer framework drug abuser drug craving experience hemodynamics improved insight intraparietal sulcus neural circuit neuroimaging neuromechanism neurophysiology novel preference public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response reward processing theories trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Impaired judgment and decision making is a key factor contributing to drug abuse. Research on the source of these impairments has focused largely on cognitive and neural deficits during two distinct periods. Before making a choice, drug abusers are overly sensitive to potential rewards and insensitive to long-term losses. After making a choice, drug abusers are hyper-reactive to rewards and show poor ability to learn from experience. Much less is known about the intervening process of deliberation when beliefs and desires are integrated over time to form a preference leading to a choice. This deliberation process can determine whether a person appears risk seeking or risk averse, impulsive or cautious, and slow or fast in responding. While these are characteristics directly relevant to drug abuse, the basic mechanisms of the process are not well understood. We conceptualize deliberation as a sequential sampling process where decision makers evaluate possible payoffs forming a subjective valence. These valences are accumulated over time forming a preference over the alternatives until a threshold is reached initiating a choice. In this application, we develop a theoretical and experimental framework that integrates computational modeling and cognitive neuroscience to characterize this deliberation process. Experimentally, we create a novel gambling task called the flash gambling task (FGT) in which participants choose between a sure payoff and a lottery that offers a draw from a distribution of payoffs. Instead of receiving verbal descriptions of the lottery, subjects watch simulated draws from this lottery that flash by every 50 ms (like watching a stock ticker run by). Thus, the FGT requires active integration of payoffs allowing more precise control over the deliberation process. Theoretically, we develop a framework that integrates computational models of decision making, neural studies of reward processing and perceptual decision making, and analytic models of hemodynamic response. Our model makes specific predictions regarding the fMRI BOLD signatures of different aspects of deliberation process during risky decision making. In this application, we use this model-based imaging approach to delineate the neural circuitry underlying the valuation and preference formation process in an fMRI experiment on a normal college sample. In a second study, we investigate the link between behavior and deliberation in the FGT and measures of risky drug use and impulsivity using a larger community sample. Results from these studies will offer new insights on the basic cognitive and neural mechanisms of risky decision making and establish potentially important links between process-level measures of choice behavior and drug use, thereby setting the stage for a greater understanding of the neural and computational basis of drug abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：判断和决策受损是导致药物滥用的关键因素。这些障碍来源的研究主要集中在两个不同时期的认知和神经缺陷上。在做出选择之前，吸毒者对潜在的奖励过于敏感，对长期损失不敏感。做出选择后，吸毒者具有过度反应能力，可以奖励和从经验中学习的能力不佳。当信仰和欲望随着时间的流逝而形成偏好导致选择时，对审议的中间审议过程的了解要少得多。这种审议过程可以确定一个人是否似乎是寻求风险或冒险，冲动，冲动或谨慎，并且响应速度慢或速度。虽然这些特征与药物直接相关滥用，过程的基本机制尚不清楚。我们将审议概念化为一个顺序抽样过程，在该过程中，决策者评估形成主观价值的可能的回报。这些价值会随着时间的流逝而累积，形成对替代方案的偏好，直到达到阈值以启动选择为止。在此应用程序中，我们开发了一个理论和实验框架，该框架将计算建模和认知神经科学整合起来以表征这种审议过程。在实验上，我们创建了一项名为“ Flash Gambling Task（FGT）”的新颖赌博任务，参与者在确定的回报和彩票之间进行选择，该彩票可以从分配中分配。而不是接收对彩票的口头描述，受试者观看模拟的彩票绘制，每50毫秒每50毫秒闪烁一次（例如观看股票的股票股票）。因此，FGT需要积极地集成回报，以使对审议过程更精确地控制。从理论上讲，我们开发了一个框架，该框架整合了决策的计算模型，奖励处理和感知决策的神经研究以及血流动力学反应的分析模型。我们的模型对危险决策过程中审议过程不同方面的fMRI大胆签名做出了具体预测。在此应用程序中，我们使用这种基于模型的成像方法来描述正常大学样本的fMRI实验中估值和偏好形成过程的神经电路。在第二项研究中，我们研究了FGT中行为与审议之间的联系，并使用较大的社区样本进行了危险的药物使用和冲动的措施。这些研究的结果将提供有关风险决策的基本认知和神经机制的新见解，并在选择行为和药物使用的过程级别措施之间建立潜在的重要联系，从而为对药物滥用的神经和计算基础提供了更大的了解。