DIET, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND CVD

饮食、体力活动以及空气污染与心血管疾病之间的关系

基本信息

批准号：
8293168
负责人：
Francine Laden
金额：
$ 40.58万
依托单位：
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-07-01 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8293168
关键词：
Accounting Acute Adverse effects Aerosols Air Pollution Alcohol consumption American Cancer Society Area Behavior Therapy Caliber Cardiac Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular system Chronic Cities Cohort Studies Complex Country Data Diabetes Mellitus Diet Environmental Policy Evaluation Exposure to Gender General Population Health Health Professional Intake Knowledge Life Life Style Longitudinal Studies Metabolic Modeling Monitor Nurses&apos Health Study Nutrient Obesity Optics Outcome Participant Particulate Particulate Matter Pattern Physical activity Population Positioning Attribute Prevention strategy Public Health Relative (related person)Rest Risk Role Seminal Smoking Source Subgroup Time Update Vitamins Woman age difference cohort diabetic follow-up improved insight lifestyle factors male health men mortality non-smoker non-smoking novel prospective public health relevance trafficking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adverse effects associated with acute air pollution exposures have been well-studied; however evidence of chronic exposure effects has been limited. The Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study are the seminal studies of long-term exposure to air pollution, and both found an increased risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to particulates. A few recent studies have also shown an association between adverse health outcomes and chronic particulate exposure, even as particulate levels have decreased over time in many areas of the US. However, there are still important gaps in our current knowledge regarding the relative contribution of different size fractions of particulate matter (PM). Effect modification by life style and the identification of susceptible subgroups has been understudied. Answers to these questions would inform targeted public health prevention strategies, as well as environmental policy. In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), a large prospective cohort study of US women, we have observed increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with increasing exposure to PM less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) among the participants residing in the Northeastern US. These risks were the strongest in obese non-smoking women. In this application we will extend these analyses to include the entire continental US, examine different size fractions of PM (fine [PM2.5] and coarse [PM10-2.5]), evaluate the role of diet and other modifiers on the observed risks, and add in the Health Professional Follow-up (HPFS) Study, a prospective cohort of US men. Diet and physical activity have been shown to be important predictors of cardiovascular disease, and recent studies have suggested that vitamins and nutrients may protect against many of the adverse effects of air pollution. Patterns of distribution in physical activity around the country may have a complex relationship with spatial patterns in air pollution. Therefore, there is much to understand about the potential correlation and/or interaction of physical activity with air pollution. Also, there is strong evidence that there are likely susceptible sub-groups, such as diabetics, the obese, nonsmokers, etc. Due to the extensive prospective information on diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors in these two large cohorts, we are in a unique position to explore the impact of a healthy lifestyle on the association of air pollution with cardiovascular mortality. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Particulate matter (PM) attributable to traffic and other combustion sources have been associated with cardiac-related health outcomes and overall mortality. We anticipate that the results of this project will provide novel and comprehensive insights into the effects of chronic exposure to particulates and the relevant size fractions. We also aim to identify susceptible subpopulations and important effect modifiers of the association. These issues are of great public health importance due to the large proportion of the general population exposed to particulate matter.

描述（由申请人提供）：与急性空气污染暴露有关的不利影响已得到充分研究；但是，慢性暴露效应的证据受到限制。哈佛六个城市的研究和美国癌症协会的研究是长期暴露于空气污染的开创性研究，并且都发现与长期暴露于颗粒物有关的死亡风险增加。最近的一些研究还表明，不良健康结果与慢性颗粒物暴露之间存在关联，即使在美国许多地区，颗粒水平随着时间的流逝而下降。但是，我们目前关于颗粒物质不同大小分数（PM）的相对贡献的知识仍然存在重要差距。通过生活方式进行效果修改和易感亚组的识别已被研究。这些问题的答案将为有针对性的公共卫生预防策略以及环境政策提供信息。在美国妇女的一项大量前瞻性队列研究的护士健康研究（NHS）中，我们观察到全因和心血管死亡率的风险增加，而在美国东北部的参与者中，直径不到10微米（PM10）的PM暴露量增加。这些风险在肥胖的无吸烟妇女中是最强烈的。在此应用中，我们将扩展这些分析以包括整个美国大陆，检查PM的不同尺寸分数（Fine [PM2.5]和粗糙[PM10-2.5]），评估饮食和其他修饰符在观察到的风险中的作用，并添加卫生专业人员随访（HPFS）研究（HPFS），是美国男性的前瞻性队列。饮食和体育锻炼已被证明是心血管疾病的重要预测因素，最近的研究表明，维生素和养分可能可以防止空气污染的许多不利影响。全国体育活动中的分布模式可能与空气污染中的空间模式有复杂的关系。因此，关于体育活动与空气污染的潜在相关性和相互作用有很多了解。此外，有充分的证据表明，由于有关饮食，体育锻炼和其他生活方式因素的广泛前瞻性信息，可能有易感的亚组，例如糖尿病患者，肥胖，非吸烟者等。我们在探索健康生活方式对心脏内管的空气污染的影响的独特位置，我们处于独特的位置。公共卫生相关性：可归因于交通和其他燃烧资源的颗粒物（PM）与心脏有关的健康结果和整体死亡率有关。我们预计该项目的结果将为长期暴露于颗粒物和相关尺寸分数的影响提供新颖而全面的见解。我们还旨在确定关联的敏感亚群和重要的效果修饰符。由于暴露于颗粒物的一般人群中，这些问题具有很大的公共健康重要性。