Project 5: Nanotechnology-Based Environmental Sensing

项目5：基于纳米技术的环境传感

• 批准号: 8116787
• 负责人: Peidong Yang
• 金额: $ 31.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8116787
• 关键词: Air; Arsenates; Arsenic; Arsenites; Biological; Cadmium; Calibration; Carbon Nanotubes; Chemicals; Coal; Collection; Complex; Detection; Development; Effectiveness; Electronics; Elements; Environment; Evaluation; Flame Retardants; Fluorescence; Gases; Gold; Hazardous Substances; Heavy Metals; In Situ; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Measures; Mercury; Metals; Methods; Monitor; Nanotechnology; Penetration; Peptides; Phage Display; Phase; Poison; Power Plants; Property; Protocols documentation; Raman Spectrum Analysis; Reagent; Sampling; Scheme; Seafood; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silver; Soil; Source; Specimen; Spectrum Analysis; Superfund; Surface; System; Testing; Toxic Environmental Substances; Transistors; Water; Work; absorption; aqueous; base; chemical fingerprinting; cost; field study; ground water; interest; miniaturize; molecular recognition; nanocoating; nanocrystal; nanoparticle; nanorod; nanoscale; novel; oxidation; rapid detection; ratiometric; remediation; response; sensor; small molecule; superfund site

PROJECT 5: Nanotechnology-Based Environmental Sensing. Remediation of highly contaminated Superfund sites requires monitoring and evaluation of the contaminants themselves and their byproducts. Superfund sites have diverse and complex toxic species that contaminate soils, water and the surrounding air; determining what is there, and then determining the extent and effectiveness of remediation continue to present challenges. The rapid development of nanotechnology has offered significant opportunities to produce new sensors for the characterization and monitoring needs of Superfund, not only in the gas phase, but in the different environments where toxic and/or hazardous materials are produced or where they accumulate. We will take advantage of the unique properties of nanoscale materials to detect and measure species such as heavy metals. We plan to develop a collection of sensing protocols for the detection of arsenic, mercury and flame retardant compounds with high sensitivity and specificity. We will develop and apply small-molecule chemical indicators for fluorescence detection of mercury, lead, cadmium, and other toxic heavy metals in environmental laboratory and field samples, with specific interest in seafood and soil specimens. Parallel with this effort, plasmon absorption spectroscopy based on metal nanocrystals will be used for low-cost, rapid detection of mercury in air and aqueous environmental samples. We will continue to develop silver nanocrystal based substrates for ultra-sensitive arsenic detection using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We will extend this sensing platform towards detecting chemical fingerprint for the analytes, distinguishing between the two most common oxidation states of arsenic: arsenate (As^) and arsenite (As'") both in ground water and some other complex media. Similariy this sensing scheme will be applied towards detection of methylated arsenic species with high sensitivity using small sample volume. In addition, we will also develop a sensitive and selective miniaturized electronic sensor for environmental toxicants molecules such as polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) using specific molecular recognition elements. These studies should provide new methods to detect and measure chemical and biological species at Superfund sites. The new methods will also be useful for assessing remediation efforts and the reduction of hazardous species at known sources.

项目 5：基于纳米技术的环境传感。严重污染修复 超级基金场地需要对污染物本身及其副产品进行监测和评估。 超级基金场地有多种复杂的有毒物质，会污染土壤、水和周围环境 空气;确定存在什么，然后确定补救的程度和有效性 当前的挑战。纳米技术的快速发展为纳米技术的发展提供了重大机遇。 生产新的传感器来满足 Superfund 的表征和监测需求，不仅是在气相中， 但在有毒和/或有害物质产生或产生的不同环境中 积累。我们将利用纳米级材料的独特性能来检测和测量 种，如重金属。我们计划开发一系列传感协议来检测 砷、汞和阻燃化合物具有高灵敏度和特异性。我们将开发和 应用小分子化学指示剂荧光检测汞、铅、镉等 环境实验室和现场样品中的有毒重金属，特别是海鲜和土壤 标本。与这项工作同时进行的是，基于金属纳米晶体的等离激元吸收光谱将被开发出来。 用于低成本、快速检测空气和水环境样品中的汞。我们将继续 开发基于银纳米晶体的基底，使用表面增强技术进行超灵敏砷检测 拉曼光谱。我们将把这个传感平台扩展到检测化学指纹 分析物，区分砷的两种最常见的氧化态：砷酸盐 (As^) 和 地下水和其他一些复杂介质中的亚砷酸盐 (As'")。类似地，该传感方案将是 应用于使用小样品量高灵敏度检测甲基化砷物质。在 此外，我们还将开发一种灵敏、选择性的小型化电子传感器，用于环境 使用特定分子识别技术识别有毒分子，例如多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 元素。这些研究应该提供新的方法来检测和测量化学和生物 超级基金地点的物种。新方法还将有助于评估补救工作和 减少已知来源的危险物种。