WIFI SPATIAL MAPPING OF IN-VIVO TATTOO SKIN OPTICAL PROPERTIES

体内纹身皮肤光学特性的 WIFI 空间映射

• 批准号: 8362671
• 负责人: ANTHONY J DURKIN
• 金额: $ 1.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8362671
• 关键词: Affect; American; Biotechnology; Bulla; Case Study; Clinical; Color; Dermis; Dyes; Effectiveness; Excision; Funding; Gold; Grant; Growth; Image; Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy; Lasers; Literature; Maps; Measures; Methods; National Center for Research Resources; Optics; Particle Size; Pigmentation physiologic function; Pigments; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Property; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Scanning; Skin; Societies; Solvents; Source; Spectrum Analysis; Surveys; Tattooing; Technology; Time; Tissues; United States National Institutes of Health; absorption; artist; base; cost; density; experience; imaging modality; improved; in vivo; iron oxide; solid state; titanium dioxide

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Once practiced by a small portion of society, skin tattooing has become more common place. A recent survey suggests that 1 in 4 Americans has at least one tattoo. Following this growth in the practice of tattooing has been an increase in demand for laser tattoo removal. The same survey estimated that 17% of those with a tattoo had considered removing it. The gold standard procedure for laser tattoo removal involves the use of one of four, or a combination of, Q-switched lasers operating at wavelengths of 532nm, 694nm, 755nm, and 1064nm. While laser tattoo removal has been effective, it is often an expensive and time consuming process. Amateur tattoos often require four to six sessions to affect near complete erasure. Professional tattoos, which use more robust pigments and are generally placed at higher concentrations in the dermis, require an average of 8-12 treatments. In both cases treatments need to be spaced over four to six weeks. Complications include skin scaling or blistering due to excessive absorption of laser energy by the surrounding tissue, hypo and hyper pigmentation, and spontaneous tattoo darkening due to the presence of titanium oxide or ferric oxide. Ideally, treatment must remove the tattoo with the fewest number of treatments while minimizing these complications. Currently laser selection, as well as other parameters such as fluence, is chosen by the clinician based on qualitative observation and previous clinical experience. The majority of literature involving laser tattoo removal effectiveness has been based on clinical case studies of treatments; however, tattoo related optical information could be used to improve the efficiency of the treatment. In the mid 1990s, Haedersdal et al. measured the spectral reflectance of tattooed skin from 300nm to 800nm to establish ranges of maximum absorption for several colors. Thirteen tattoos involving fourteen different colors, the most common being red and green, were included in the study. The authors suggested that spectral reflectance information could be used to guide laser selection including the use of tunable solid state lasers for tattoo removal. Baumler et al used a spectrophotometer over the wavelength 320nm to 1100nm to measure the absorption spectra of a large number of commercially available pigments suspended in solvent. Unfortunately this is not a practical method for guiding laser tattoo removal because of the even larger number of dyes available. Colors in a tattoo are often a combination of pigments chosen by and known only to the original tattoo artist. Also, bench top spectroscopy does not provide information such as a reduced scattering coefficient or the optical properties of the underlying skin. Most recently, O¿¿"goshi et al used confocal scanning laser microscopy to visualize the particle size and density of a tattoo. This technology scans at a single wavelength and cannot provide rapid wide-field mapping of spectral properties. In this project we meausure absorption and scattering spectra for tattoos using Modulated Imaging, a new wide-field spectral imaging modality.

该副本是利用资源的众多研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供。对该子弹的主要支持 而且，副投影的主要研究员可能是其他来源提供的 包括其他NIH来源。列出的总费用可能 代表subproject使用的中心基础架构的估计量， NCRR赠款不直接向子弹或副本人员提供的直接资金。 一旦社会的一小部分练习，皮肤纹身就变得更加普遍。最近的一项调查表明，四分之一的美国人至少有一个纹身。在纹身实践中的这种增长之后，对去除激光纹身的需求增加了。同一项调查估计，有17％的患有纹身的人已经考虑将其删除。激光纹身去除的黄金标准程序涉及使用四个或以532nm，694nm，694nm，755nm和1064nm的波长运行的四个或Q开关激光的组合。尽管拆除激光纹身是有效的，但通常是一个昂贵且耗时的过程。业余纹身通常需要四到六个疗程才能接近完全擦除。专业的纹身使用更健壮的色素，通常在真皮中以较高的浓度放置，需要平均8-12种处理。在这两种情况下，需要在四到六周的时间内分布治疗。并发症包括由于周围组织过度滥用激光能量，低调和色素沉着，以及由于存在氧化钛或氧化钛而引起的纹身变黑。理想情况下，治疗必须以最少的治疗方法去除纹身，同时最大程度地减少这些并发症。目前，临床医生根据定性观察和以前的临床经验选择了激光选择以及其他参数，例如通量。 大多数涉及激光纹身去除效果的文献是基于治疗的临床案例研究。但是，可以使用纹身相关的光学信息来提高治疗效率。在1990年代中期，Haedersdal等人。测量了纹身皮肤的光谱反射率从300nm到800nm，以建立几种颜色的最大吸收范围。该研究包括13种涉及14种不同颜色的纹身，​​最常见的是红色和绿色。作者建议光谱反射信息可用于指导激光选择，包括使用可调固态激光器进行纹身去除。 Baumler等人在320nm至1100nm的波长上使用了分光光度计来测量大量悬浮在溶剂中的市售颜料的抽象光谱。不幸的是，这不是指导激光纹身去除的实用方法，因为可用的染料数量更多。纹身中的颜色通常是由原始纹身艺术家选择并知道的颜料的组合。此外，台式光谱法无法提供诸如散射系数降低或基础皮肤的光学特性之类的信息。最近，o？¿