Interaction of Visual and Oculomotor Signals in Cortex

皮层视觉和动眼神经信号的相互作用

• 批准号: 8326702
• 负责人: TIRIN MOORE
• 金额: $ 39.65万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-20 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8326702
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Agonist; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain; Child; Cognition; Cues; Disease; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug usage; Dyslexia; Eye Movements; Goals; Health; Human; Inferior; Laboratories; Location; Maintenance; Measures; Mental disorders; Methods; Monkeys; Nature; Neurons; Outcome; Parietal Lobe; Perception; Performance; Pharmacology; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Primates; Psychophysiology; Research; Role; Saccades; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Training; V4 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual attention; Work; area V4; attentional modulation; base; cognitive function; covert attention; electrical microstimulation; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; functional outcomes; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; improved; inferotemporal cortex; lateral intraparietal area; microstimulation; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; oculomotor; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; visual cognition; visual information; visual motor; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In recent years, evidence from psychophysical, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies has accumulated suggesting that basic visual perceptual and cognitive functions such as attention and working memory emerge from the reciprocal interaction of oculomotor signals and visual representations in cortex. Our previous work suggests that saccade-related signals involving the frontal eye field (FEF) contribute to the attentional selection of visual stimuli and to the attention-related filtering of visual signals in cortex. In the present proposal, we plan to further examine the influence of saccade-related signals on visual representations in a set of three complimentary aims. In the first aim, we will address an important implication of our previous studies, namely that the activity of FEF neurons is necessary and sufficient for driving spatial attention. We will test the role of FEF neurons and compare it directly to that of area LIP neurons, which are also believed to be critical for attention. This will be accomplished via pharmacologically induced activation and inactivation of neurons in one of the two areas (FEF or LIP) and a study of its effects on attentional performance and the attentional modulation of neurons in the other area (LIP or FEF). In the second aim, we will use voluntarily generated saccades to pursue the relationship between saccade target selection and neural correlates of attention in visual cortex. Specifically, we will study the influence of saccade preparation on neural correlates of bottom-up and feature-based attention in area V4. In the third aim, we will examine the role of the FEF in the selection and retention of visual information in working memory. Specifically, we will test the effects of FEF microstimulation on visual working memory and its correlates in inferior temporal (IT) cortex as well as record simultaneously from neurons in both areas during working memory performance. Together, these three aims will allow us to determine the extent to which saccade-related signals influence the selection and retention of visual representations in cortex and the relevance of those influences to visual perception cognition, and visually guided behavior. The questions addressed by the proposed research are central to an understanding of the neural basis of visually guided behavior, and thus achieving those goals will have direct and important implications for the neural bases and the treatment of disorders of visuomotor integration, perception and cognition. Key examples of such disorders include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, both of which appear to include deficits in oculomotor control. The proposed research is particularly relevant to ADHD, which afflicts more than five percent of children in the U.S., making it one of the most common mental disorders to affect children. Thus an understanding of the neural basis of visual attention clearly has important implications for human health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goals of the proposed research are central to an understanding of the neural basis of visually guided behavior, and thus achieving those goals will have direct and important implications for the neural bases and the treatment of disorders of visuomotor integration, perception and cognition. Key examples of such disorders include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, both of which appear to include deficits in oculomotor control. The proposed research is particularly relevant to ADHD, which afflicts more than five percent of children in the U.S., making it one of the most common mental disorders to affect children.

描述（由申请人提供）：近年来，心理物理学、神经影像学和神经生理学研究的证据表明，注意力和工作记忆等基本视觉感知和认知功能是由动眼信号和皮层视觉表征的相互作用产生的。我们之前的工作表明，涉及额叶视野（FEF）的扫视相关信号有助于视觉刺激的注意力选择以及皮质中视觉信号的注意力相关过滤。在本提案中，我们计划进一步研究眼跳相关信号对一组三个互补目标中视觉表征的影响。在第一个目标中，我们将解决我们之前研究的一个重要意义，即 FEF 神经元的活动对于驱动空间注意力是必要且充分的。我们将测试 FEF 神经元的作用，并将其直接与区域 LIP 神经元进行比较，后者也被认为对注意力至关重要。这将通过药物诱导两个区域（FEF 或 LIP）之一的神经元激活和失活，并研究其对注意力表现和另一区域（LIP 或 FEF）神经元注意力调节的影响来实现。在第二个目标中，我们将使用自愿生成的眼跳来探究眼跳目标选择与视觉皮层注意力的神经相关性之间的关系。具体来说，我们将研究眼跳准备对 V4 区域自下而上和基于特征的注意力的神经相关性的影响。在第三个目标中，我们将研究 FEF 在工作记忆中视觉信息的选择和保留中的作用。具体来说，我们将测试 FEF 微刺激对视觉工作记忆及其在下颞叶 (IT) 皮层的相关性的影响，并在工作记忆表现期间同时记录这两个区域的神经元。总之，这三个目标将使我们能够确定扫视相关信号对皮层视觉表征的选择和保留的影响程度，以及这些影响与视觉感知认知和视觉引导行为的相关性。 拟议研究解决的问题对于理解视觉引导行为的神经基础至关重要，因此实现这些目标将对神经基础以及视觉运动整合、知觉和认知障碍的治疗产生直接和重要的影响。此类疾病的主要例子包括注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和阅读障碍，这两种疾病似乎都包括动眼神经控制缺陷。这项拟议的研究与注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD）特别相关，这种疾病困扰着美国超过百分之五的儿童，使其成为影响儿童的最常见的精神疾病之一。因此，了解视觉注意力的神经基础显然对人类健康具有重要意义。 公共健康相关性：拟议研究的目标对于理解视觉引导行为的神经基础至关重要，因此实现这些目标将对神经基础以及视觉运动整合、知觉和视觉障碍的治疗产生直接和重要的影响。认识。此类疾病的主要例子包括注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和阅读障碍，这两种疾病似乎都包括动眼神经控制缺陷。这项拟议的研究与注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD）特别相关，这种疾病困扰着美国超过百分之五的儿童，使其成为影响儿童的最常见的精神疾病之一。