Functional relationships between visual cortex and thalamus

视觉皮层和丘脑之间的功能关系

• 批准号: 8271006
• 负责人: S. Murray SHERMAN
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8271006
• 关键词: Abbreviations; Address; Affect; Aminobutyric Acids; Area; Auditory area; Axon; Back; Behavioral; Blindness; Brain; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Cognitive; Communication; Complement; Data; Defect; Depressed mood; Detection; Disease; Dorsal; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Feedback; Feeds; Figs - dietary; Flavoproteins; Funding; Future; Glutamates; Halorhodopsins; Hand; Image; In Vitro; Individual; Inferior Colliculus; Interneurons; Lateral; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus; Lead; Measures; Medial; Medial geniculate body; Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors; Mus; Optic tract structure; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Photic Stimulation; Play; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Process; Property; Retina; Role; Schizophrenia; Slice; Somatosensory Cortex; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; Staging; Synapses; System; Technology; Testing; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Thinking; Ventral Posterior Nucleus; Virus; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; Work; area V1; density; design; feeding; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; in vivo; induced pluripotent stem cell; insight; interest; object recognition; optogenetics; postsynaptic; research study; response; selective attention; transmission process; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We shall initially use in vitro slice preparations from the mouse brain to study thalamocortical interactions in both directions in the visual system, concentrating on cortical areas V1 and V2 and thalamic nuclei LGN and LP. We then propose to develop in vivo preparations to test hypotheses from the in vitro work. We make heavy use of optogenetics in combination with other stimulation paradigms to activate specific pathways and use both single cell recording and current source density analysis to measure responses. We are particularly interested in the role of the two distinct corticothalamic projections. One emanates from layer 6 and feeds back to the thalamic nucleus innervating that area; we hypothesize that its main function is to depress thalamocortical transmission by multiple complementary mechanisms. The other emanates from layer 5 and is organized in a feed forward fashion, innervating thalamic regions that do not innervate its cortical area; we hypothesize that this represents the initiation of a transthalamic, cortico-thalamo-cortical pathway organized in parallel with direct corticocortical projections. Finally, we shall also test he hypothesis that these dual pathways operate in a coincidence detection manner to control information flow. This could provide more general insights regarding cortical functioning, particularly with respect to new evidence that different cortical areas can dynamically cooperate depending on behavioral needs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We must better understand visual information flow through the first few stages of cortical processing to begin to understand how pathology in these pathways leads to vision loss including defects in cognitive visual functions, such as selective attention and object recognition. This could also lead to insights into disorders such as schizophrenia, which shows deficits in the sort of corticothalamic relationships we propose to study.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们最初将使用小鼠脑的体外切片制剂研究视觉系统中两个方向上的丘脑皮质相互作用，集中于皮质区域V1和V2和丘脑核LGN和LP。然后，我们建议开发体内制剂，以测试体外工作中的假设。我们大量使用光遗传学与其他刺激范式结合使用，以激活特定的途径，并同时使用单细胞记录和当前的源密度分析来测量响应。我们对两个不同的皮质丘脑预测的作用特别感兴趣。一个从第6层散发出来，并回到该区域的丘脑核。我们假设其主要功能是通过多种互补机制来降低丘脑皮质的传播。其他源自第5层，以饲料向前的方式组织，支配了丘脑区域，这些区域不会支配其皮质区域。我们假设这代表了经脑丘脑，皮质 - 丘脑皮层途径的启动，该途径与直接皮质皮层投影并行组织。最后，我们还将测试他假设这些双重途径以巧合检测方式运行以控制信息流。这可以提供有关皮质功能的更一般的见解，特别是在新的证据方面，不同的皮质区域可以根据行为需求动态合作。 公共卫生相关性：我们必须更好地理解视觉信息在皮质处理的前几个阶段流动，以开始了解这些途径中的病理如何导致视力丧失，包括认知视觉功能的缺陷，例如选择性注意力和对象识别。这也可能导致对精神分裂症等疾病的见解，这表明我们建议研究的那种皮质丘脑关系的缺陷。