Expression and evolution of chemoreceptor genes in the model organism Daphnia

模式生物水蚤中化学感受器基因的表达和进化

基本信息

批准号：
7615414
负责人：
Dinora Carolina Penalva-Arana
金额：
$ 5.01万
依托单位：
TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-09-02 至 2011-07-18
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7615414
关键词：
Algae Algal Blooms Animal Model Animals Area Arthropods Bacteria Behavior Behavioral Binding Bioinformatics Chemicals Chemoreceptors Crabs Crustacea Cues Culicidae Daphnia Dengue Detection Development Developmental Cell Biology Disease Eating Ecology Ecosystem Environment Environmental Health Equilibrium Event Evolution Exhibits Exudate Family Fishes Food Foundations Fresh Water Gene Expression Gene Family Genes Genome Goals Health Health Policy Hormonal Insecta Invertebrates Kairomones Knowledge Larva Lead Learning Life Lobster Measures Mediating Modeling Molecular Molecular Evolution Nature Organism Parthenogenesis Partner in relationship Pheromone Phylogeny Play Process Receptor Gene Relative (related person)Reproduction Research Research Personnel Role Sex Bias Signal Transduction Sister Smell Perception Solutions Source Staging Structure System Techniques Toxicology Toxin Variant Vibrio cholerae Water Yellow Fever Zooplankton anthropogenesis aquatic organism asexual base combat experience feeding genome sequencing male member pressure receptor response sex sugar theories water quality

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Chemoreception, regarded as vitally important for all animals, encompasses olfaction, pheromone detection, hormonal signaling and various other essential processes. Siimilar responses to chemical cues are shared in a phylogenetically broad array of animals, implying that there is an ancient solution to the problem of detecting and discriminating odorants, and what is learned in one system can be applied to others. The Daphnia genome has recently been sequenced and a set of 58 gustatory receptor genes (Grs) has been identified. 49 of these Grs are members of a Daphnia-specific clade (when compared to insects), with 2-3 Grs resembling known arthropod sugar receptors. This relatively small set of receptor genes is presumably the basis for much of Daphnia's behavioral repertoire. In particular, several Daphnia Grs appear to have sex-biased expression, not uncommon among organisms, and are candidates to mediate mating behavior. As D. pulex clones can exhibit both cyclical parthenogenesis (ie. sexual reproduction) and obligate asexuality, we can investigate the evolution of the Gr family in the context of sexual selection. The long term aim of this research is to establish a foundation for the molecular and evolutionary understanding of Chemoreception in a model crustacean, using bioinformatics, gene evolution theory, molecular techniques, and the newly sequenced genome of Daphnia. How chemical cues are detected in an aquatic system is not well understood, yet necessary to combat many known pests with aquatic larval stages, such as mosquito larvae. Such understanding may help us develop ways of interfering with their survival and development, thus decreasing the spread of diseases such as dengue and yellow fever. In addition, the health of our aquatic ecosystems relies heavily on the ability of its inhabitants, including zooplankton, to detect and eat algae and bacteria. When we interfere with their ability to detect critical chemical cues, through toxins or other anthropogenic chemicals, we in fact can cause toxic algal blooms, increase the occurrence of disease-carrying bacteria (such as Vibrio cholera), and destroy balanced ecosystems.

描述（由申请人提供）：化学感受被认为对所有动物都至关重要，包括嗅觉、信息素检测、激素信号传导和各种其他基本过程。对化学信号的类似反应在系统发育上广泛的动物中都有，这意味着有一种古老的解决方案可以解决检测和区分气味的问题，并且在一个系统中学到的东西可以应用于其他系统。最近对水蚤基因组进行了测序，并确定了一组 58 个味觉受体基因 (Grs)。其中 49 个 Grs 是水蚤特异性分支的成员（与昆虫相比），其中 2-3 个 Grs 类似于已知的节肢动物糖受体。这组相对较小的受体基因可能是水蚤大部分行为的基础。特别是，一些水蚤似乎具有性别偏见的表达，这在生物体中并不罕见，并且是介导交配行为的候选者。由于 D. pulex 克隆可以表现出周期性孤雌生殖（即有性生殖）和专性无性生殖，因此我们可以在性选择的背景下研究 Gr 家族的进化。这项研究的长期目标是利用生物信息学、基因进化理论、分子技术和新测序的水蚤基因组，为甲壳类动物模型化学感受的分子和进化理解奠定基础。如何在水生系统中检测化学信号尚不清楚，但对于对抗许多具有水生幼虫阶段的已知害虫（例如蚊子幼虫）来说是必要的。这种了解可能有助于我们找到干扰其生存和发育的方法，从而减少登革热和黄热病等疾病的传播。此外，我们水生生态系统的健康在很大程度上依赖于其居民（包括浮游动物）检测和食用藻类和细菌的能力。当我们通过毒素或其他人为化学物质干扰它们检测关键化学信号的能力时，实际上可能会导致有毒藻类大量繁殖，增加携带疾病的细菌（例如霍乱弧菌）的出现，并破坏平衡的生态系统。