Expanding the toolbox for tsetse control in Kenya

扩大肯尼亚采采蝇控制的工具箱

• 批准号: 10602508
• 负责人: Paul O Mireji
• 金额: $ 14.91万
• 依托单位: BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE-KALRO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-05 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10602508
• 关键词: Acetone; Acids; Address; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Agriculture; Animals; Area; Biological Assay; Biotechnology; Blood; Cattle; Chemicals; Cresol; Disease; Domestic Pig; Eastern Africa; Ecology; Electrophysiology (science); Encapsulated; Environmental Wind; Family suidae; Fermentation; Formulation; Friends; Goals; Human; Insecticides; Kenya; Laboratories; Legal patent; Livestock; Lizards; Masks; Mass Fragmentography; Molecular; Monitor; Odors; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Predisposition; Proxy; Public Health Schools; Refractory; Research; Research Institute; Risk; Role; Sahara; Services; Smell Perception; Source; Testing; Training; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Universities; Urine; Vaccines; Vertebrates; analog; behavioral response; beta-Cyclodextrins; controlled release; cost; disorder control; efficacy evaluation; fly; improved; interest; multidisciplinary; nagana; nanoparticle; novel; research and development; tool; transmission process; vector

This application focuses on expanding toolbox for control tsetse fly by formulating eco-friendly novel odor attractant and repellent blends against major tsetse vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) in eastern Africa. Eastern Africa is under continuous risk of rhodesiense HAT and AAT transmitted by different tsetse species, including Glossina austeni (Gau), Glossina pallidipes(Gpd), and Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff). Tsetse control strategies constitute cornerstones efforts in suppression and eradication of HAT and AAT that can be augmented by effective 1) tsetse lures that attract the flies to traps or insecticide-treated targets, and 2) repellents that minimize contact between flies and their vertebrate hosts. We formulated Novel Attractant Blend (NAB) (ε-nonalactone, nonanoic acid, 2-nonanone and acetone) from waterbuck and buffalo odors that is 1) two- and five-folds more effective against Gau and Gpd, respectively, than POCA (3-propylphenol, octenol, p-cresol and acetone) standard tsetse attractant, 2) 2.4 folds more attractive to Gpd than Fermented Cow Urine (FCU) + acetone (proxy for natural bovine host odor), and 3) seven-fold more attractive to Gpd than POCA when co- deployed with FCU and acetone. We are interested in comparing the performance of NAB with that of natural hosts (cattle) on Gpd and identify other host odor constituents that may enhance the attraction of NAB. There are no effective attractants against Gff while POCA and NAB are suboptimal against Gau, relative to Gpd. We confirmed attraction of Gff by monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus niloticus) and established role of olfaction in the attraction. Gau preferentially feed on bush pig (Potamochoerus larvatus). We are interested in formulating Gff and Gau repellents from monitor lizard and bushpig hosts and integrating their application with NAB for efficacy against multiple (sympatric) species. We also established repellence of Gau by FCU+Acetone and formulated Novel Repellent Blend (NRB) (δ-nonalactone, heptanoic acid, 4- methylguaiacol and geranyl acetone) based on tsetse-refractory waterbuck odor that is effective against most savannah species and two-fold more efficacious than current WRC-icipe blend against these species. We are interested in formulating Gau specific repellents from FCU constituents, evaluate its synergistic effects on NRB through co-deployment and assess efficacy of NRB and Gau repellent in protection of vertebrates, from tsetse, with oxen and domestic pig as proxy. We will extend the efficacy and application of the repellent/attractant blends by masking them with fragrance and micro encapsulating them in nano-particles. We will thus formulate 1) Gff and Gau specific attractants and integrate them with NAB for control of sympatric tsetse populations and 2) Gau repellent and integrate it with NRB and NAB for protection of vertebrate hosts from sympatric tsetse in Kenya as consortium comprising of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization and Kenya Wildlife Services in Kenya , and Yale University in USA.

该应用程序着重于通过制定环保的小型OTOR来扩展控制tsetse飞行的工具箱 吸引人和驱蚊剂与人类非洲锥虫病（HAT）和 东非的非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）。东非的持续风险 Rhodesiense Hat和AAT由不同的采集物种传播，包括Glossina Austeni（Gau）， Glossina Pallidipes（GPD）和Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes（GFF）。采采控制策略构成 基石在抑制和放射帽子和AAT方面的努力可以通过有效增强1） 采采诱饵吸引了捕获苍蝇或杀虫剂处理的靶标的苍蝇，以及2）将接触最小化的复制剂 在苍蝇和脊椎动物宿主之间。我们制定了新颖的吸引剂混合物（NAB）（ε-非甲酮， 来自水巴克和水牛的气味，含量为1）两倍和五倍 比POCA（3-丙酚，八烯醇，P-Cresol和 丙酮）标准采集吸引剂，2）2.4折叠对GPD的吸引力比发酵牛尿液（FCU） +更具吸引力 丙酮（天然牛宿主气味的代理），3）在共同的时，对GPD的吸引力比POCA高七倍。 与FCU和丙酮一起部署。我们有兴趣将NAB与自然的表现进行比较 GPD上的宿主（牛）并识别其他宿主气味构成，可能会增强NAB的吸引力。那里 与GPD相对于GPD，POCA和NAB对GAU的有效吸引剂对GFF的有效吸引力。 我们通过Monitor Lizard（Nilotic Niloticus）证实了GFF的吸引力，并确定了嗅觉的作用 在景点中。 GAU优先以灌木猪（Potamochoerus幼虫）为食。我们对 从Monitor Lizard和Bushpig主机中制定GFF和GAU复制剂，并集成其应用程序 与NAB相对于多种（同胞）物种提高效率。我们还建立了GAU的抑制 FCU+丙酮和配制的新型驱虫剂混合物（NRB）（δ-甲乳酮，七烷酸，4-- 甲基鸟醇和香豆基丙酮）基于采集 - fractse-fractory Waterbuck气味，对大多数有效 萨凡纳物种和比当前WRC-ICPE与这些物种混合的效率高两个。我们 从FCU构成的GAU特定驱虫剂时很有趣，评估其协同作用 通过NRB和GAU驱虫剂的共同部署和评估效率在NRB上，在保护脊椎动物方面， 从采摘，牛和家猪作为代理。我们将延长 通过将火焰掩盖并将其封装在纳米颗粒中，将它们掩盖并封装在驱虫剂中。 因此，我们将制定1）GFF和GAU特定的吸引剂，并将其与NAB集成以控制同伴 采集人群和2）GAU复制剂并将其与NRB和NAB集成以保护脊椎动物宿主 从肯尼亚的同胞tsetse作为肯尼亚农业和牲畜研究的财团完成 肯尼亚的组织和肯尼亚野生动物服务，以及美国的耶鲁大学。