DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLED READING: FMRI STUDIES

阅读能力的发展：FMRI 研究

基本信息

批准号：
8298897
负责人：
Bradley L Schlaggar
金额：
$ 30.7万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-09-30 至 2014-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal focuses on neural substrates of orthographic and phonological processes that must be honed in the developmental acquisition of reading skill. Changes in these processes emerge through development as a young reader gains experience with written words. Behaviorally, adults show processing advantages (i.e. increased speed and/or accuracy), less evident in children, for letters over visually similar letter-like objects, and for legal letter strings over non-letter strings or illegal letter strings. This processing advantage suggests that increasing experience enables a reader to extract specific, orthographic information about the visual features that form letters and words. In concert, extensive evidence suggests that phonological processing provides important support for reading development, and that its interplay with orthographic processes varies as skill develops. Information about how the developmental acquisition of reading expertise relates to putative orthographic and phonological processing regions in the brain should provide an important neurobiological foundation for understanding typical (and atypical) reading development, and inform more targeted future education and remediation strategies. The first specific aim tests the hypothesis that visual processing regions of the brain will show increasing specialization with the developmental acquisition of reading skill. The second specific aim tests the hypothesis that concomitant with increasing reading skill and orthographic specialization comes decreasing reliance on phonological processing mechanisms. The third specific aim uses functional connectivity MRI and graph theory analysis to characterize developmental differences in reading networks between adults and children. Additional proposed analyses include a longitudinal component where a cohort of subjects have repeated scans over a five year period, exploration of individual differences using a multivariate approach combining stable measures of reading/cognitive skill with imaging and in-scanner performance parameters, and an exploration of developmental sex differences. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal focuses on neural substrates of orthographic and phonological processes that must be honed in the developmental acquisition of reading skill. Information about how the developmental acquisition of reading expertise relates to putative orthographic and phonological processing regions in the brain should provide an important neurobiological foundation for understanding typical (and atypical) reading development, and this basic knowledge can be used to inform more targeted future education and remediation strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的重点是在发展技巧的发展中必须磨练的正字和语音过程的神经基础。随着年轻的读者获得书面文字的经验，这些过程的变化通过发展而出现。从行为上讲，成年人表现出处理优势（即提高速度和/或准确性），在儿童中不太明显，在视觉上类似字母的对象上的字母以及非字符串或非字符串或非法字母字符串的法律字符串。这种处理优势表明，增加的经验使读者能够提取有关形成字母和单词的视觉特征的特定的拼字信息。在一致的情况下，大量证据表明，语音处理为阅读开发提供了重要的支持，并且其与拼字法过程的相互作用随着技能的发展而变化。有关阅读专业知识的发展获取与大脑中的拼字和语音处理区域有关的信息应为理解典型（和非典型）阅读发展的重要神经生物学基础，并为更具针对性的未来教育和修复策略提供信息。第一个特定的目的检验了以下假设：大脑的视觉处理区域将随着阅读技能的发展获取而显示出越来越多的专业化。第二个特定目的检验了以下假设，即随着阅读技巧和拼字法的伴随性伴随性降低了对语音处理机制的依赖。第三个特定目的使用功能连通性MRI和图理论分析来表征成人和儿童之间阅读网络的发展差异。其他提出的分析包括纵向成分，其中一系列受试者在五年内重复进行扫描，使用多元方法探索个体差异，结合了稳定的阅读/认知技能与成像和扫描者性能参数的测量，以及探索发展性别差异。公共卫生相关性：该提案的重点是拼字和语音过程的神经底物，这些过程必须在阅读技能的发展中磨练。有关阅读专业知识的发展如何与大脑中的正广和语音处理区域有关的信息应为理解典型（和非典型）阅读发展的重要神经生物学基础，并且这些基础知识可用于为更具针对性的未来教育和补救策略提供信息。