Mechanisms of Value-Driven Attentional Capture

价值驱动的注意力捕获机制

• 批准号: 8317045
• 负责人: Brian August Anderson
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8317045
• 关键词: Arousal; Association Learning; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Award; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Research; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Disease; Drug Addiction; Environment; Exhibits; Extinction (Psychology); Eye; Eye Movements; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Investigation; Learning; Measures; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mydriasis; Obesity; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Opiate Addiction; Opioid; Organism; Participant; Patients; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Predisposition; Process; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Rewards; Role; Running; Safety; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Syndrome; Testing; Time; Training; Ursidae Family; Ventral Striatum; Visual; Work; attentional modulation; career; cognitive neuroscience; directed attention; distraction; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; interest; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; oculomotor; psychologic; skills; thought control; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. Because attention is a limited resource, which stimuli are attended has important implications for effective goal- directed behavior, survival, and well-being. Attentional selection can proceed in voluntary fashion, according to context-specific goals. At the same time, however, certain kinds of stimuli receive attentional processing involuntarily, overriding goal-directed attention allocation. Such stimuli are said to capture attention. It is well establised that physically salient stimuli capture attention, and that ongoing priorities influence attentiona selection involuntarily through contingent attentional capture. Recently, my colleagues and I have shown that valuable stimuli, previously associated with the delivery of reward, also capture attention involuntarily, independently of salience and ongoing priorities. We have referred to this phenomenon as value-driven attentional capture, and the proposed project will investigate the mechanisms by which learned value influences attentional priority in this way. Aim 1 will probe the mechanisms of selection in value-driven capture using human eye tracking. Through Aim 2, the neural mechanisms of value-driven capture will be assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Aim 3 will investigate the role of value-driven capture in drug addiction. The results will provide a better understanding of the ways in which reward learning influences attentional priority, which represents one of the most critical roles that attention plas in promoting survival. Although attention to reward-predicting stimuli will often be adaptive, it can also become maladaptive when attention to rewarding stimuli conflicts with ongoing goals. In this way, the proposed project will also have important implications for clinical syndromes in which both attention and reward have been critically implicated, including drug addiction, obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; these implications will be explored directly in Aim 3. Finally, the proposed project will provide outstanding cutting-edge training in cognitive neuroscience, neuroimaging methodology, and related technical skills, and will continue to develop my strong background in behavioral psychophysics. This award will provide support to complete my dissertation research and prepare me for the next step in my scientific career. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project investigates the role of reward learning in involuntary attention allocation. Attending to rewarding stimuli is a critical function of the human brain; several clinical conditions, including drug addiction, obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder, are characterized by disorders of cognitiv control that are thought to involve disordered reward learning. This project will contribute to the basic-research foundations for clinical research into the causes and treatments of these conditions. The findings of the proposed project will also speak to the mechanisms by which people attend to and are distracted by stimuli in their environment, which has public safety implications for issues such as distraction while driving.

描述（由申请人提供）：注意选择感官输入的哪些方面是为了意识到的。因为注意力是有限的资源，因此参加了刺激，对有效的目标行为，生存和福祉具有重要意义。注意力 根据特定于上下文的目标，选择可以以自愿的方式进行。然而，与此同时，某些类型的刺激不由自主地接受注意力处理，推向目标指导的注意力分配。据说这种刺激引起了人们的注意。众所周知，身体上显着的刺激引起了人们的注意，并且持续的优先级通过偶然的注意捕获不由自主地影响注意力选择。最近，我和我的同事们表明，以前与奖励交付相关的有价值的刺激也非自愿地吸引了注意力，独立于显着性和持续的优先事项。我们提到了这个 现象作为价值驱动的注意力捕获，而拟议的项目将研究以这种方式影响注意值优先级的机制。 AIM 1将使用人眼跟踪探测值驱动捕获中选择的机制。通过AIM 2，将使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）评估值驱动捕获的神经机制，AIM 3将研究值驱动捕获在药物成瘾中的作用。结果将更好地理解奖励学习影响注意力优先级的方式，这代表了注意Plas在促进生存中的最关键作用之一。尽管对预测奖励刺激的关注通常会是适应性的，但是当注意力与持续的目标冲突时，它的注意力也会变得不良适应性。通过这种方式，拟议的项目还将对临床综合征具有重要意义，在这些综合症中，关注和奖励都被严重涉及，包括药物成瘾，肥胖，强迫症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍；这些含义将直接在AIM 3中探索。最后，拟议的项目将在认知神经科学，神经影像学方法和相关技术技能方面提供出色的前沿培训，并将继续发展我在行为心理物理学方面的强大背景。该奖项将提供支持，以完成我的论文研究，并为我的科学生涯的下一步做好准备。 公共卫生相关性：拟议项目调查了奖励学习在非自愿关注分配中的作用。参与奖励刺激是人脑的关键功能。几种临床状况，包括药物成瘾，肥胖，强迫症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍，其特征是认知控制的障碍，这些疾病被认为涉及无序的奖励学习。该项目将有助于 基础研究基础，用于对这些疾病的原因和治疗的临床研究。拟议项目的发现还将讲述人们在环境中刺激所吸引并分散注意力的机制，这对诸如驾驶时分散注意力等问题的公共安全影响。