Neurocognitive Processes in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants

植入人工耳蜗的聋哑儿童的神经认知过程

• 批准号: 8305644
• 负责人: DAVID B PISONI
• 金额: $ 58.77万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-20 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8305644
• 关键词: Age-Years; Attention; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Cognitive Science; Consensus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Diagnosis; Early identification; Effectiveness; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Implant; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medical; Memory; Methods; Modality; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Preschool Child; Process; Production; Request for Applications; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Short-Term Memory; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speed; System; Testing; Time; Translational Research; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; abstracting; base; brain behavior; cognitive control; design; executive function; hearing impairment; high risk; implantation; improved; information processing; language processing; processing speed; programs; skills; theories

Project Summary/Abstract: This revised application requests support for a program of research on neurocognitive processes underlying speech and language outcomes in prelingually deaf children following cochlear implantation. Past research on cochlear implants has been narrowly focused on speech and language outcomes and efficacy of cochlear implantation as a medical treatment for profound hearing loss. As noted in the two previous NIH consensus statements on cochlear implants, little, if any, basic or clinical research has investigated the underlying neurobiological and neurocognitive factors that are responsible for the enormous individual differences and variability in the effectiveness of cochlear implants. The primary objective of this research project is to demonstrate that domain-general neurocognitive processes related to executive functioning, such as working memory, fluency-speed, concentration-inhibition and organization-integration skills, are strongly associated with traditional clinical speech and language outcome measures. These executive function/cognitive control processes involve the global coordination, integration and functional connectivity of multiple underlying brain systems used in speech perception, production and spoken language processing. In two related projects, we test the hypothesis that executive function and organization- integration (EOI) processes contribute an additional unique modality-independent source of variance to speech and language outcomes above and beyond the traditional demographic, medical and educational factors. The first project uses a cross-sectional design to assess EOI functioning in long term cochlear implant users; the second project uses longitudinal methods to investigate the development of EOI functioning. The new findings obtained from this project on the underlying sources of variability in spoken language processing will help clinicians and researchers understand, explain and predict individual differences in speech and language outcomes following cochlear implantation. The results of this project have direct clinical implications for improving the diagnosis, treatment and early identification of young deaf children who may be at high risk for poor speech and language outcomes following cochlear implantation.

项目摘要/摘要： 修订后的申请要求支持有关基础神经认知过程的研究计划 人工耳蜗后，初步聋哑儿童的语言和语言结果。过去的研究 关于人工耳蜗的植入物已狭窄地专注于语言和语言结果和功效 人工耳蜗植入作为严重听力损失的医学治疗方法。如前两个NIH中指出 关于人工耳蜗的共识陈述，很少（如果有的话），基本或临床研究已经调查了 造成巨大个性的基本神经生物学和神经认知因素 人工耳蜗植入物有效性的差异和可变性。这项研究的主要目标 项目是为了证明与执行功能相关的领域神经认知过程 例如工作记忆，流畅的速度，抑制集中和组织整合能力，是 与传统的临床语音和语言结果指标密切相关。这些高管 功能/认知控制过程涉及全局协调，集成和功能连接 语音感知，生产和口语中使用的多个基础大脑系统 加工。在两个相关项目中，我们检验了执行功能和组织的假设 - 集成（EOI）过程为差异的其他独特差异来源贡献 言语和语言成果超出传统人口，医学和教育 因素。第一个项目使用横截面设计来评估长期耳蜗的EOI功能 植入用户；第二个项目使用纵向方法研究EOI的发展 功能。从该项目获得的有关口语可变性的基本可变性来源的新发现 语言处理将帮助临床医生和研究人员理解，解释和预测个人 人工耳蜗植入后语音和语言结果的差异。这个项目的结果 具有改善年轻聋人的诊断，治疗和早期鉴定的直接临床意义 在人工耳蜗后，可能面临言语和语言结果不佳的儿童。