Neurocognitive Processes in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants

植入人工耳蜗的聋哑儿童的神经认知过程

• 批准号: 7657941
• 负责人: DAVID B PISONI
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2009-09-19
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7657941
• 关键词: Age-Years; Attention; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Consensus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Diagnosis; Early identification; Effectiveness; End Point; Episodic memory; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Implant; Individual Differences; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Linguistics; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medical; Memory; Methods; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Perceptual learning; Phonetics; Preschool Child; Process; Production; Property; Range; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk; Short-Term Memory; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speed; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; abstracting; base; brain behavior; cognitive control; design; executive function; hearing impairment; implantation; improved; language processing; lexical; novel; phonology; processing speed; programs; skills; theories

Project Summary/Abstract: Past research on cochlear implants has been narrowly focused on speech and language outcomes and efficacy of cochlear implantation as a medical treatment for profound hearing loss. As noted in the two earlier NIH consensus statements on cochlear implants, little if any research has investigated the underlying neurobiological and neurocognitive factors that are responsible for the enormous individual differences and variability in the effectiveness of cochlear implants. This proposal requests support for a program of research on the neurocognitive processes underlying speech and language outcomes in prelingually deaf children following cochlear implantation. The primary objective of this research project is to demonstrate that specific domain-general neurocognitive processes related to executive functioning such as working memory, fluency-speed, concentration-inhibition and organization-integration skills are strongly associated with traditional clinical speech and language outcome measures. These processes involve the global coordination, integration and functional connectivity of multiple underlying brain systems used in speech perception, production and spoken language processing. In three related projects, we test the hypothesis that executive function and organization-integration (EOI) processes contribute an additional unique source of variance to speech and language outcomes and benefit above and beyond the conventional demographic, medical and educational factors. The first project uses a cross-sectional design to assess EOI functioning in long term cochlear implant users; the second project uses longitudinal methods to investigate the development of EOI functioning; the third project uses a novel intervention approach to increase working memory capacity and improve speech and language outcomes. These new findings on the underlying sources of variability in spoken language processing will help us understand, explain and predict individual differences in speech and language outcomes following cochlear implantation. The results of this project have direct clinical implications for improving the diagnosis, treatment and early identification of young deaf children who may be at high risk for poor outcomes following cochlear implantation.

项目摘要/摘要： 过去对耳蜗植入物的研究一直集中在语音和语言结果上， 耳蜗植入作为严重听力损失的医学疗法的功效。如两个 NIH早期关于人工耳蜗的共识陈述，几乎没有任何研究调查了基础 神经生物学和神经认知因素，造成了巨大的个体差异和 人工耳蜗植入物有效性的可变性。该建议要求支持一个计划 对初步聋哑言语和语言结果的神经认知过程的研究 人工耳蜗后的儿童。该研究项目的主要目的是证明 与执行功能相关的特定领域神经认知过程，例如工作 记忆，流利度速度，抑制集中和组织整合技能密切相关 传统的临床语音和语言结果指标。这些过程涉及全球 语音中使用的多个基础大脑系统的协调，集成和功能连通性 感知，生产和口语处理。在三个相关项目中，我们检验假设 执行功能和组织整合（EOI）流程为其他独特的来源提供了 言语和语言成果的差异，并在传统之外受益 人口，医学和教育因素。第一个项目使用横截面设计评估EOI 长期人工耳蜗植入用户运作；第二个项目使用纵向方法调查 EOI功能的发展；第三个项目采用新颖的干预方法来增加工作 记忆能力并改善语音和语言结果。这些关于基础的新发现 口语处理中的可变性来源将有助于我们理解，解释和预测个人 人工耳蜗植入后语音和语言结果的差异。这个项目的结果 具有改善年轻聋人的诊断，治疗和早期鉴定的直接临床意义 人工耳蜗后可能有不良预后的儿童。