Neurocognitive Processes in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants

植入人工耳蜗的聋哑儿童的神经认知过程

• 批准号: 8120676
• 负责人: DAVID B PISONI
• 金额: $ 58.77万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-20 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8120676
• 关键词: Age-Years; Attention; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear implant procedure; Cognitive Science; Consensus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Diagnosis; Early identification; Effectiveness; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Implant; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medical; Memory; Methods; Modality; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Preschool Child; Process; Production; Request for Applications; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Short-Term Memory; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speed; System; Testing; Time; Translational Research; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; base; brain behavior; cognitive control; design; executive function; hearing impairment; high risk; implantation; improved; information processing; language processing; processing speed; programs; public health relevance; skills; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This revised application requests support for a program of research on neurocognitive processes underlying speech and language outcomes in prelingually deaf children following cochlear implantation. Past research on cochlear implants has been narrowly focused on speech and language outcomes and efficacy of cochlear implantation as a medical treatment for profound hearing loss. As noted in the two previous NIH consensus statements on cochlear implants, little, if any, basic or clinical research has investigated the underlying neurobiological and neurocognitive factors that are responsible for the enormous individual differences and variability in the effectiveness of cochlear implants. The primary objective of this research project is to demonstrate that domain-general neurocognitive processes related to executive functioning, such as working memory, fluency-speed, concentration-inhibition and organization-integration skills, are strongly associated with traditional clinical speech and language outcome measures. These executive function/cognitive control processes involve the global coordination, integration and functional connectivity of multiple underlying brain systems used in speech perception, production and spoken language processing. In two related projects, we test the hypothesis that executive function and organization- integration (EOI) processes contribute an additional unique modality-independent source of variance to speech and language outcomes above and beyond the traditional demographic, medical and educational factors. The first project uses a cross-sectional design to assess EOI functioning in long term cochlear implant users; the second project uses longitudinal methods to investigate the development of EOI functioning. The new findings obtained from this project on the underlying sources of variability in spoken language processing will help clinicians and researchers understand, explain and predict individual differences in speech and language outcomes following cochlear implantation. The results of this project have direct clinical implications for improving the diagnosis, treatment and early identification of young deaf children who may be at high risk for poor speech and language outcomes following cochlear implantation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The enormous variability in speech and language outcomes of deaf children who receive cochlear implants is a significant clinical problem. The proposed research project on neurocognitive processes in deaf children with cochlear implants will provide new fundamental knowledge about the sources of variability and underlying neurocognitive factors that are responsible for individual differences in speech and language outcomes. These findings will have direct implications for the diagnosis, treatment and early identification of deaf children who may be at high risk for poor outcomes following implantation.

描述（由申请人提供）：此修订后的申请请求支持对人工耳蜗植入后聋哑儿童的语音和语言结果的研究计划。过去对耳蜗植入物的研究狭窄地集中在言语和语言结果以及耳蜗植入的功效上，作为一种严重听力损失的医学治疗方法。如前两个关于人工耳蜗的共识陈述所述，很少有基础或临床研究研究了导致人工耳蜗植入物有效性的巨大个性差异和可变性的基本神经生物学和神经认知因素。该研究项目的主要目的是证明与执行功能相关的领域神经认知过程，例如工作记忆，流利度速度，抑制集中度和组织整体能力，与传统的临床语音和语言结果指标密切相关。这些执行功能/认知控制过程涉及在语音感知，生产和口语处理中使用的多个基础大脑系统的全球协调，集成和功能连接。在两个相关项目中，我们检验了以下假设：执行功能和组织整合过程（EOI）流程为语音和语言成果贡献了额外的独特方式与传统人口，医学和教育因素之外的言语和语言成果的来源。第一个项目使用横截面设计来评估长期人工耳蜗用户的EOI功能；第二个项目使用纵向方法研究EOI功能的发展。从该项目中获得的关于口语处理中可变性的基本可变性来源的新发现将有助于临床医生和研究人员在人工耳蜗植入后理解，解释和预测语音和语言结果的个体差异。该项目的结果具有直接的临床意义，可以改善对人工耳蜗后可能面临言语不佳和语言结果的年轻聋哑儿童的诊断，治疗和早期鉴定。 公共卫生相关性：接受人工耳蜗的聋哑儿童的言语和语言结果的巨大变化是一个重大的临床问题。针对人工耳蜗的聋哑儿童的神经认知过程的拟议研究项目将提供有关可变性来源和基本神经认知因素的新基本知识，这些因素是导致语音和语言结果中个体差异的基本知识。这些发现将直接影响聋哑儿童的诊断，治疗和早期鉴定，这些聋哑儿童可能会在植入后可能会出现不良预后的风险。