Instructive Signals for Motor Learning

运动学习的指导信号

基本信息

批准号：
8402694
负责人：
Jennifer L Raymond
金额：
$ 1.2万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-01 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8402694
关键词：
Address Adult Aging-Related Process Algorithms Back Behavior Behavioral Biological Models Brain Brain Stem Brain region Cerebellar Diseases Cerebellum Characteristics Complex Darkness Data Development Disease Eye Movements Fiber Goals Head Movements Image Inferior Influentials Injury Learning Mental disorders Molecular Molecular Genetics Monitor Movement Mus Nervous System Trauma Neurons Olives - dietary Patients Phase Play Process Property Regulation Research Retina Role Sensory Signal Transduction Stimulus System Techniques Time Training Vision Visual early childhood effective intervention experience improved in vivo insight motor learning nervous system disorder neural circuit neuromechanism normal aging oculomotor optogenetics programs public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response theories vestibular reflex vestibulo-ocular reflex visual stimulus visual-vestibular

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Motor learning is the process by which movements become smooth and accurate through practice. Motor learning is important during early childhood development, and continues throughout adulthood, because the neural circuits controlling our movements need to be recalibrated in response to changes in the brain or body due to injury, disease, or the normal aging process. Motor learning depends on a brain region called the cerebellum, and patients with cerebellar dysfunction have clumsy, uncoordinated movements. One of the two main inputs to the cerebellum is the "climbing fiber" input from the inferior olive in the brainstem. An influential theory of cerebellar function suggested that the climbing fibers carry the error signals that control motor learning. However, recent evidence suggests that motor learning can occur in the absence of instructive signals in the climbing fibers. Thus, there seems to be more than one way to implement motor learning in the brain. The goal of this project is to determine which aspects of motor learning are controlled by the activity of the climbing fibers, and which aspects of learning rely on other neural mechanisms. This question will be addressed by studying the eye movement responses to vestibular stimuli (i.e., the sensory signals encoding movements of the head) and their regulation by motor learning. Most, if not all, movements are guided by vestibular signals. The eye movement response to a vestibular stimulus is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). This vestibular reflex functions to stabilize visual images on the retina, and is essential for maintaining good vision during movements of the body. Both the amplitude and the timing of the eye movements driven by the VOR can be adaptively modified by cerebellum-dependent learning, and thus the VOR serves as a model system for studying the neural mechanisms controlling movement amplitude and timing more generally. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: An important characteristic of neural circuits is their plasticity, their ability to change with experience and to compensate when injury or disease damages the nervous system. This project studies the error signals that guide the changes in a neural circuit during learning. An improved understanding of this process will inform the development of more effective interventions for a broad range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：运动学习是通过练习使动作变得流畅和准确的过程。运动学习在儿童早期发育过程中非常重要，并且会持续到成年期，因为控制我们运动的神经回路需要重新校准，以响应由于受伤、疾病或正常衰老过程而导致的大脑或身体的变化。运动学习取决于称为小脑的大脑区域，小脑功能障碍的患者会出现笨拙、不协调的动作。小脑的两个主要输入之一是来自脑干下橄榄的“攀爬纤维”输入。一个有影响力的小脑功能理论表明，攀爬纤维携带控制运动学习的误差信号。然而，最近的证据表明，运动学习可以在攀爬纤维中缺乏指导信号的情况下发生。因此，在大脑中实现运动学习的方法似乎不止一种。该项目的目标是确定运动学习的哪些方面是由攀爬纤维的活动控制的，以及学习的哪些方面依赖于其他神经机制。这个问题将通过研究眼球运动对前庭刺激的反应（即编码头部运动的感觉信号）及其通过运动学习的调节来解决。大多数（如果不是全部）运动都是由前庭信号引导的。对前庭刺激的眼球运动反应称为前庭眼反射（VOR）。这种前庭反射的作用是稳定视网膜上的视觉图像，对于在身体运动过程中保持良好的视力至关重要。 VOR 驱动的眼球运动的幅度和时间都可以通过小脑依赖性学习进行自适应修改，因此 VOR 可以作为模型系统来研究更普遍地控制运动幅度和时间的神经机制。公共健康相关性：神经回路的一个重要特征是它们的可塑性，它们随着经验而变化的能力，以及当损伤或疾病损害神经系统时进行补偿的能力。该项目研究在学习过程中指导神经回路变化的误差信号。加深对这一过程的理解将为针对广泛的神经和精神疾病制定更有效的干预措施提供信息。