A technique for measuring eye movements in small and/or freely moving animals

一种测量小型和/或自由移动动物眼球运动的技术

• 批准号: 9360618
• 负责人: Jennifer L Raymond
• 金额: $ 16.26万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9360618
• 关键词: Adoption; Animals; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Benchmarking; Bilateral; Clinical; Decision Making; Disease; Exhibits; Eye; Eye Movements; Geometry; Head Movements; Health; Implant; Learning; Location; Magnetism; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Molecular Genetics; Movement; Mus; Neodymium; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Output; Partner in relationship; Performance; Predatory Behavior; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Retina; Rodent; Rotation; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; base; biological research; cognitive function; cost; genetic approach; improved; in vivo; interest; light weight; magnetic field; neural circuit; novel; operation; public health relevance; response; sensor; sensory system; tool; visual control; visual processing; visual-vestibular

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A high-resolution, low-cost, and easy-to-implement technique for measuring eye movements will be developed. This will accelerate the pace of research on vision by allowing widespread integration of eye movement measurements into increasingly sophisticated studies of visually- guided behavior, including studies in freely moving mice. Historically, research on sensory processing has focused to a great extent on the visual system. However, as neuroscientists turn increasingly to using mice in their research, they are turning increasingly away from the visual system in favor of other sensory systems. This is limiting the extent to which our understanding of the visual system can reap the benefits of the powerful molecular-genetic tools available in mice for analyzing neural circuits in health and disease. Mice are sometimes misperceived as being "not very visual". Although less dependent on vision than some species, mice clearly use vision for a variety of functions, including navigation and evasion of predators. Thus, there is great potential for the molecular-genetic approaches available uniquely in mice to advance our understanding of the fundamental visual processing operations supporting such visually-guided behavior. Nevertheless a technical barrier is limiting studies of vision in mice, namely the difficulty of measuring and controlling ee movements and hence knowing what the input was to the visual system at the level of the retina. This technical barrier will be eliminated by developing a novel technique for measuring eye movements in mice, based on magnetic sensing. A small but powerful neodymium magnet will be used to create a rotating external magnetic field as the eye rotates in its socket. The angle of the magnetic field will then be detected by an external magnetic field sensor. To optimize performance of the system for measuring eye movements in mice, various magnet shapes, magnetic sensors, and geometric configurations of magnet and sensor will be rigorously tested. Performance will be compared against existing methods for measuring eye movements, namely video-oculography and the scleral search coil techniques. The magnetic system will then be assessed in mice that are free to move, and will be used to examine the coordination of eye and head movements during natural behaviors. Importantly, the techniques developed in mice will be readily adaptable to a broad range of species.

 描述（由适用提供）：将开发一种高分辨率，低成本和易于实现的技术，用于测量眼动。这将通过允许将眼动测量的宽度整合到越来越复杂的视觉引导行为的研究中，加快视力研究的速度，包括在自由移动方面的研究 老鼠。从历史上看，对感官处理的研究很大程度上集中在视觉系统上。但是，随着神经科学家在研究中越来越多地转向使用小鼠，他们越来越偏离视觉系统，而有利于其他感觉系统。这限制了我们对视觉系统的理解可以在小鼠中获得强大分子遗传学工具的好处，以分析健康和疾病中的神经元回路。小鼠有时被误解为“不是很视觉”。尽管比某些物种更依赖视力，但小鼠清楚地将视觉用于各种功能，包括导航和捕食者的进化。这是在小鼠中独特可用的分子遗传学方法的巨大潜力，可以促进我们对支持这种视觉引导行为的基本视觉处理操作的理解。尽管如此，技术障碍是对小鼠视力的限制研究，即测量和控制EE运动的困难，因此知道在视网膜水平上对视觉系统的输入是什么。通过开发一种基于磁敏感性来测量小鼠眼动的新技术来消除这种技术障碍。当眼睛在插座中旋转时，将使用一个小而强大的近代磁铁来创建一个旋转的外部磁场。然后将通过外部磁场传感器检测磁场的角度。为了优化系统的性能以测量小鼠的眼动，将严格测试磁铁和传感器的各种磁体形状，磁性传感器和几何配置。将与现有的测量眼动方法，视频摄影和巩膜搜索线圈技术进行比较。然后，将在自由移动的小鼠中评估磁系统，并将用于检查自然行为期间的眼睛和头部运动的配位。重要的是，在小鼠中开发的技术将很容易适应广泛的物种。