EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON EMPATHY

同理心的进化视角

• 批准号: 8172308
• 负责人: FRANS DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 4.39万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8172308
• 关键词: Aggressive behavior; Animals; Behavior; Companions; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Distress; Emotional; Empathy; Funding; Grant; Head; Human; Individual; Institution; Life; Measures; Monkeys; Outcome; Pan Genus; Pan paniscus; Primates; Proxy; Rattus; Reaction; Records; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Source; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Videotape; Yawning; animation; arm; attack victim; autistic children; contagion; fighting; injured; programs; response; social; social group

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. If another chimpanzee has been hurt in a fight, chimpanzees tend to approach them, and put an arm around them. This is known as consolation behavior. They also show targeted helping in which they provide others with assistance they need, such as supporting an injured companion. We have set up a research program to study expressions of empathy on two levels: a) spontaneous expressions that we can observe in the chimpanzee's group life and b) experimental situations in which we use contagious behavior as a proxy of empathy (because in humans such behaviors correlate with empathy, and are for example largely absent in autistic children). There is experimental evidence for emotional contagion in other animals, such as rats and monkeys. Observations of spontaneous behavior among chimpanzees in two social groups at the Yerkes Primate Center so as to measure social responses to hurt or distressed individuals, such as individuals who have lost a fight. Dr. Romero is conducting a large-scale analysis of more than fifteen years of computer records, which include over 4,000 aggressive incidents among the chimpanzees. The experimental component of the project seeks to test responses to social sequences on video, particularly the preferred outcome of sequences, which outcomes may range from escalation of aggression to reassurance provided by others to a victim of attack. We have also conducted a yawn-contagion study in which chimpanzees faced animations of a yawning head, and are currently adding a study of their reactions to actual videotaped yawns of chimpanzees. We have further added observations of bonobo behavior at a Kinshasa sanctuary on consolation behavior, a project led by Dr. Monique Fortunato.

该副本是利用众多研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子弹和 调查员（PI）可能已经从其他NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他清晰的条目中代表。列出的机构是 对于中心，这不一定是调查员的机构。 如果另一个黑猩猩在战斗中受到伤害，黑猩猩倾向于接近他们，并将手臂围绕在他们身上。这被称为安慰行为。他们还向有针对性的帮助提供了他们所需的帮助，例如支持受伤的同伴。 我们已经建立了一项研究计划，以研究两个层面上的同理心的表达：a）我们可以在黑猩猩的群体生活中观察到的自发表达和b）我们使用传染性行为作为同情的实验情况（因为在人类中，这种行为与同情相关，例如，在自动儿童中存在很大的缺陷）。有实验证据表明其他动物（例如大鼠和猴子）的情绪传染。在耶克斯灵长类动物中心两个社会群体中黑猩猩之间自发行为的观察，以衡量社会对伤害或苦恼的人的反应，例如失去战斗的个人。罗梅罗博士正在对十五年以上的计算机记录进行大规模分析，其中包括黑猩猩中的4,000多个积极的事件。 该项目的实验组成部分试图测试视频中对社交序列的响应，尤其是序列的首选结果，序列的首选结果可能从侵略性的升级到其他人提供的保证到其他攻击受害者。我们还进行了一项打哈欠的研究，黑猩猩面临着打哈欠的头部动画，目前正在对他们对黑猩猩的实际录像带的反应进行研究。 我们进一步添加了关于Kinshasa Sanctuary的Bonobo行为的观察，该行为是由Monique Fortunato博士领导的一个项目。