Pacific Southwest RCE for Biodefense & Emerging Infectious Diseases Research

太平洋西南生物防御 RCE

• 批准号: 8073717
• 负责人: Alan G. Barbour
• 金额: $ 14.61万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-20 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8073717
• 关键词: Adopted; Americas; Animals; Area; Arenavirus; Asia; Australia; Bacteria; Basic Science; Biology; Bioterrorism; Bontoxilysin; Burkholderia; Burkholderia pseudomallei; California; Categories; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Coccidioidomycosis; Collaborations; Commit; Communicable Diseases; Communication; Consensus; Core Facility; Country; County; Dengue; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Effectiveness; Emergency Situation; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Equilibrium; Fostering; Funding; Goals; Health; Incidence; Infantile Botulism; Infection; Infection prevention; Infectious Diseases Research; Institution; Intellectual Property; K-Series Research Career Programs; Laboratories; Laos; Latin America; Los Angeles; Malaysia; Maps; Metric; Mexico; Molecular; Movement; Names; Nicaragua; Nipah Virus; Paper; Participant; Pathogenesis; Personnel Management; Plague; Population; Prevention; Prevention approach; Principal Investigator; Process; Program Development; Public Health; Qualifying; Readiness; Reagent; Research; Research Institute; Research Peer Review; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Risk; Safety; Science; Scientist; Secure; Services; Site; Source; Southeastern Asia; Strategic Planning; Telecommunications; Testing; Toxin; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Translational Research; Translations; Tularemia; Universities; Vaccines; Viral; Virus; West Nile virus; Zoonoses; base; biodefense; cost; dissemination research; emergency service responder; expectation; flexibility; fungus; human disease; innovation; meetings; member; multidisciplinary; novel; open source; pathogen; preclinical study; product development; programs; response; transmission process

The Center achieves these goals through coordinated efforts of established and new investigators, who are located at public and private institutions in each of the four states of the Region. The Center's governance is inclusive and based on reaching a consensus, yet it also is capable of rapid and flexible responses as priorities change or needs arise. Far-flung participants interact at a distance through frequent telecommunications and periodic face-to-face meetings. The research portfolio is balanced between basic and translational research, and it aims for excellence in areas of research strength and regional relevance rather than more comprehensive but superficial coverage. For basic research the range of agents under study includes toxins, viruses, bacteria, and fungi. And these are studied at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. Program scientists and their laboratories commit to collaboration and cooperation with public health and other governmental agencies faced with new episodes of bioterrorism or major infectious diseases outbreaks. The PSWRCE's major theme is infections of the western U.S., the Pacific Rim, and Latin America of relevance for biodefense or as emerging diseases. Dengue is increasing in incidence and distribution in both Asia and Latin America, and autochthonous transmission within the continental U.S. is a now realistic concern. Arenaviruses, Nipah virus, and West Nile virus are emerging infections of Asia and/or the Americas. Burkholderia pseudomallei is not only a Category B priority agent but growing in impact as a cause of serious illness in Southeast Asia and Australia. California has long been a center for the diagnosis and prevention of infant botulism. In its sylvatic form plague is primarily a zoonosis of the western US, and there are prospects for urban outbreaks in the metropolises of Asia. Coccidioidomycosis, a newly added Category C infection, is an increasingly common chronic disease with greatest risk for residents of the southwestern U.S. and adjoining regions of Mexico. Tularemia owes its name to a county north of Los Angeles. The Center arose largely through a multi-centric, bottom-up, process, rather than a centralized, topdown one. From the outset we adopted an "open source" approach to priority setting and program development. As stated in our 2004 application, "We decided early in the planning that the goals of an RCE in our region could best be achieved if the application's development was open and evolutionary, rather than hierarchical and highly programmed." We continue to hold this principle of management and strategic planning. Other unifying principles that the consortium continues to operate under are these: (i) Each program has projects at two more institutions and is multidisciplinary to foster communication, sharing, and innovation among the researchers. (2) Where a pathogen's biology is not well-characterized, the major emphasis is on basic research, with the goal of translation of the research findings as soon as justified. Examples are Burkholderia and coccidioidomycosis. (3) Where an agent and its pathogenesis is comparatively better defined, greater emphasis is placed on product development and movement of candidate applications toward pre-clinical studies in experimental animals and then clinical or field testing. Examples are the botulinum neurotoxin and plague. (4) Research findings, reagents, and core facilities are shared within the PSWRCE, within the entire RCE network, and with qualified investigators elsewhere in the region and country. (5) Projects not meeting expectations for research excellence and/or translation are terminated and supplanted by new projects through an open, competitive selection process. (6) The direction and priorities for research projects are determined by the scientific quality of new proposals, the existing research and resource capabilities of the Center, and, in an adaptive way, by current critical questions. (7) Consortium members are committed to the integration of research within and between research programs, to full but efficient and effective use of core facilities, and to expedited translation of the research findings to products. There are seven programs in the PSWRCE: dengue, viral zoonoses, botulinum neurotoxin, Burkholderia, tularemia, coccidioidomycosis, and reservoir-targeted vaccines. The last two programs are new. The coccidioidomycosis program recognizes an emerging disease of importance for the region, and the vaccine program offers a novel and cost-effective approach for prevention of human disease. Each program has projects, ranging from two for tularemia and nine for dengue, for a total of 35. As the proposal that follows demonstrates, the projects within each program are integrate with and complementary to each other. Of the 35 principal investigators of projects, 13 (37%) are new to the PSWRCE. The map on the preceding page shows the twenty institutions of the PSWRCE in the four states that constitute Region IX; three other institutions are located outside the region. The institutions include two private companies, a state health department laboratory, and a national laboratory, in addition to academic institutions and research institutes. There will be one foreign site, Nicaragua, associated with a project, but the PSWRCE also has activities in Laos and Malaysia. There are 5 core facilities; these were selected for their specialized services that would not reproduce what most research universities offer locally. A major training component of the RCE is safety under biocontainment conditions, not only researchers and their staffs but, uniquely, also facilities management personnel and first-responders. We will continue to allocate the maximum permitted funds for developmental projects and career development awards, the likes of which have been the source of some of the greatest advances by the Center to date. There will be five major criteria for evaluating the strengths and shortcomings of the Center: (i) The quality and innovativeness of the science, as assessed by different metrics, including an independent peer review of research papers and intellectual property attributable to RCE funding. (2) The number of new collaborations, new investigators to the field, and new research grants that are generated. (3) The attainment of milestones for translating research findings into products or other applications. (4) The effectiveness and reach of training in biosafety in Region IX. (5) The Center's state of readiness to respond to emergencies.

该中心通过建立和新调查人员的协调努力来实现这些目标，这些调查员位于该地区四个州的公共和私人机构中。该中心的治理是包容性的，并且基于达成共识，但随着优先级的变化或需求，它也能够快速，灵活地响应。遥远的参与者通过频繁的电信和 定期面对面会议。研究组合在基础研究和转化研究之间保持平衡，它的目的是在研究实力和区域相关性领域卓越，而不是更全面但肤浅的覆盖范围。对于基础研究，研究的药物范围包括毒素，病毒，细菌和真菌。这些是在分子，细胞，有机体和种群水平上研究的。计划科学家及其实验室致力于与公共卫生和其他 政府机构面临着新的生物恐怖主义或主要传染病爆发的事件。 PSWRCE的主要主题是对美国西部，太平洋和拉丁语的感染 美国与生物化或新兴疾病的相关性。登革热在亚洲和拉丁美洲的发病率和分布都在增加，美国大陆境内的自动传播是现实的关注点。体育症病毒，尼帕病毒和西尼罗河病毒是亚洲和/或美洲的新兴感染。 Burkholderia pseudomallei不仅是B类优先级代理商，而且在东南亚和澳大利亚的严重疾病的原因中受到影响。长期以来，加利福尼亚一直是诊断和预防婴儿肉毒杆菌病的中心。鼠疫在其sylvatic形式中主要是美国西部的人畜共患病，在亚洲大都市中有城市爆发的前景。球虫菌病是一种新增的C类感染，是一种日益常见的慢性疾病，对美国西南部和墨西哥毗邻地区的居民风险最大。 Tularemia的名字归功于洛杉矶以北的一个县。 该中心在很大程度上是通过多中心，自下而上的过程而不是集中式上下的​​。从一开始，我们就采用了一种“开源”方法来进行优先设置和计划开发。正如我们2004年申请中所述：“我们在计划的早期就决定，如果应用程序的开发是开放的，进化的，而不是层次结构和高度编程的，则可以最好地实现我们地区的RCE目标。”我们继续持有这一管理原则和战略原则 规划。这些联盟继续运作的其他统一原则是：（i）每个计划在两个机构中都有项目，并且是跨学科的，以促进研究人员之间的交流，共享和创新。 （2）如果病原体的生物学不是很好的特征，则主要重点是基础研究，其目的是在合理的情况下翻译研究结果。 例如伯克霍尔德（Burkholderia）和球虫菌病。 （3）如果药物及其发病机理的定义相对更好，则更加重视候选对实验动物临床前研究的候选应用以及临床或现场测试的运动。例子是肉毒杆菌神经毒素和鼠疫。 （4）研究结果，试剂和核心设施在PSWRCE，整个RCE网络中共享，并与该地区和国家其他地方的合格研究人员共享。 （5）未达到卓越研究和/或翻译期望的项目将通过开放竞争的选择过程终止并取代了新项目。 （6）研究项目的方向和优先事项取决于新建议的科学质量，现有的研究和资源 该中心的功能，并以当前关键问题的方式自适应。 （7）财团成员致力于在研究计划内和研究之间的研究集成，以充分但有效地利用核心设施，并加快将研究结果转化为产品。 PSWRCE中有七个程序：登革热，病毒人畜共患病，肉毒杆菌毒素， Burkholderia，Tularemia，球虫菌病和以储层为目标的疫苗。最后两个程序是新的。 球霉菌病菌病计划认识到对该地区的重要疾病，疫苗计划为预防人类疾病提供了一种新颖且具有成本效益的方法。每个程序都有项目，范围从tolemia的两个，登革热的九个项目不等。总共35个项目。正如随后的提案所证明的那样，每个程序中的项目都与彼此集成和补充。 35 PSWRCE的项目主要研究人员是13（37％）。前页面上的地图显示了构成IX区域的四个州的PSWRCE的二十个机构；其他三个机构位于该地区之外。这些机构除学术机构和研究机构外，还包括两家私人公司，一个州卫生部门实验室和一个国家实验室。会在那里 成为一个与项目相关的外国遗址，但PSWRCE也在老挝和马来西亚进行活动。有5个核心设施；这些是为他们的专业服务而选择的，这些服务不会再现大多数研究大学在本地提供的服务。 RCE的主要培训部分是在生物内部维护条件下的安全性，不仅是研究人员及其员工，而且独特地是设施管理人员和第一响应者。我们将继续为发展项目和职业发展奖项分配最大允许的资金，迄今为止，这些奖项是其中一些最大进步的来源。 评估中心的优势和缺点将有五个主要标准：（i）由不同指标评估的科学的质量和创新性，包括对研究论文的独立同行评审以及可归因于RCE资助的知识产权。 （2）新合作的数量，该领域的新研究人员以及生成的新研究补助金。 （3）成就 将研究发现转化为产品或其他应用的里程碑。 （4）IX地区生物安全培训的有效性和覆盖范围。 （5）中心准备应对紧急情况的状态。