Sickness and Power: The Great North American Epizootic Flu of 1872

疾病与权力：1872 年北美动物流行流感

基本信息

批准号：
10631956
负责人：
Thomas G Andrews
金额：
$ 4.71万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10631956
关键词：
1918 influenza pandemic Adopted American Americas Animal Behavior Animals Antisepsis Area Avian Influenza Behavior Books Boston Businesses COVID-19 COVID-19 outbreak Canada Case Study Cause of Death Central America Cessation of life Communicable Diseases Complex Cuba Disease Disease Outbreaks Disparate Domestic Fowls Donkeys Ebola Ecology Economics Ecosystem Environment Epidemiology Epistemology Equine mule Equus caballus Event Evolution Farm Fire - disasters Flu virus Frequencies Future Geographic Information Systems Germ Goals Gossypium Government Growth HIV HIV/AIDS Health History of Medicine Human Indigenous Influenza Influenza A virus Information Technology Life Light Link Literature Livestock Marketing Medical Geography Medicine Methodology Mexico Modernization Movement Nature North America Organism Panic Paralysed Pathogenicity Pattern Periodicals Persons Physicians Play Pneumonia Population Population Density Publications Publishing Recording of previous events Records Reporting Research Research Support Role Rural Scientist Shapes Social Behavior Societies Source Speed Steam System Testing Therapeutic Time Training Transportation Tribes Vaccination Viral Virulence Virulent Virus Visualization War Work ZIKA Zoonoses antimicrobial diaries epidemiology study epizootic falls flu government documents influenza outbreak insight metropolitan microorganism newspaper article novel pandemic disease pathogen seasonal influenza social spatial epidemiology theories tool transmission process virology

项目摘要

Project Summary The recent outbreak of COVID-19 and the upswing in seasonal influenza this winter offer pressing reminders of the enduring, even intensifying dangers that emergent zoonotic diseases— disorders caused by pathogens that jump across species divides—pose to human health. Historians of medicine and other scholars have long recognized the power of such diseases to shape human history. Yet few works in epidemiological history have attended to the complicated relationships that continue to link pathogens, humans, other-than-human animals, and the natural and built ecosystems that connect the lives—and, often, the deaths—of these disparate organisms. This proposal seeks to remedy this gap by supporting the completion of a Geographic Information System (GIS) and scholarly book examining the Great Epizootic Influenza of 1872. This little-known disease event began in Toronto’s market-farming hinterland, where the continuous exchange of pathogens between humans, horses, other farm animals, and wild waterfowl set the stage for the evolution of a new and unprecedentedly virulent form of influenza A virus. Within weeks, swarms of the new virus had engulfed metropolitan Toronto. It took just another month for the disease to spread throughout southeastern Canada and the northeastern U.S. By summer 1873, flu had sickened well over 90% of the horses, mules, and asses in the U.S., Canada, Cuba, Mexico, the Indigenous Nations of the West, and parts of Central America. As it achieved continental proportions, the Great Epizootic prompted economic paralysis, debate about the malady’s nature and treatment, and more than a little soul-searching over human use and misuse of “the noble horse.” Although the disease seemed to dissipate in fall 1873, recent scientific studies strongly suggest that the new flu type responsible for the Great Epizootic lived on and continued to adapt. Descendants of this viral type went on to develop the ability to infect human populations, too, most notably in the Great Pandemic of 1918-’20, a worldwide influenza outbreak that killed at least 50 million people. This proposal supports research in historical documents, the integration of evidence from these primary sources into a Geographic Information System (GIS), and the completion of a scholarly book that casts the Great Epizootic Flu as an unheralded but momentous event in disease history. Employing methodologies and findings from virology, evolutionary ecology, animal behavior, environmental history, and other fields, and adopting a transnational perspective that tracks this outbreak across regional, national, and tribal boundaries, this book offers fresh insights into the past, present, and future of influenza and the many other infectious diseases that don novel configurations—and hence new powers to endanger human and animal health alike—by passing from species to species.

项目摘要 Covid-19的最近爆发以及今年冬天的季节性流感爆发提醒人们持久的，甚至加剧了危险，即新兴的人畜共患病因病原体而引起的疾病，这些疾病会跳过物种分裂 - 构成人类健康医学和其他学者长期以来已经认识到这种疾病的力量塑造人类历史。继续连接病原体，人类，其他人类动物以及自然和建筑生态系统将这些不同生物的生命（通常是死亡）联系起来。通过支持地理信息系统（GIS）和学术书籍考试1872年的巨大epizootic流感。这一鲜为人知的疾病事件始于多伦多的市场农场腹地，是在人类，马，其他农场动物和野生禽为新的和前所未有的流感病毒的病毒形式。 Engsulded Metropolitan多伦多。加拿大东南部和美国东北部到1873年夏季，流感已经使超过90％以上的流感病了美国，加拿大，古巴，墨西哥的马，mu子和驴子，西美洲的部分地区。引发了经济瘫痪，关于疾病的自然和治疗的辩论，以及一点点对人类使用和滥用“ nouble马”的搜索。 1873年秋季消散，重新科学研究强烈表明，新的flupe负责伟大的ezootic一直生活并继续适应这种病毒类型的后代感染人类人群的能力，尤其是在1918年至20年的大流行中全球流感疫情至少杀死了5000万人。历史文档，将主要来源的证据整合到地理上信息系统（GIS）以及一本散发出巨大ezootic流感的学术书籍的压缩作为疾病史上的无卫生事件。从病毒学，进化生态学，动物行为，环境史和其他领域，以及采用跨国观点，追踪了各个地区，国家部落的爆发边界，这本书为流感的过去，现在和未来提供了新的见解其他新型配置的传染病 - 危害人类的新生以及动物健康 - 通过从物种到物种传播。