FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NEURONAL CIRCUITS FOR VISION

视觉神经回路的功能特性

• 批准号: 8172510
• 负责人: W MARTIN USREY
• 金额: $ 3.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8172510
• 关键词: Affect; Attention; Categories; Cells; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Disease; Environment; Feedback; Funding; Goals; Grant; Institution; Neurons; Pathway interactions; Population; Property; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Sensory; Series; Source; Testing; Thalamic structure; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; corticogeniculate; directed attention; falls; feeding; information processing; magnocellular; parvocellular; receptive field; research study; response; sensory system; transmission process; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. For sensory systems, feed forward projections from thalamic relay cells provide the cortex with information about the external environment. The cortex, in turn, sends extensive feedback to thalamic relay cells. The cortex thus functions both to process information supplied by the thalamus as well as to influence dynamically the transmission of thalamic input. The primary goal of the experiments presented in this proposal is to determine the functional organization of corticogeniculate feedback projections and their influence on visual processing. The proposed study involves four sets of experiments. The first major series of experiments (Specific Aim 1) will test the hypothesis that the corticogeniculate pathway contains physiologically distinct populations of neurons that selectively innervate the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the LGN. The remaining experiments will examine the functional role of corticogeniculate projections during visual processing. In general, proposed roles for corticogeniculate function fall into two broad categories: (1) the corticothalamic pathway serves to sharpen the receptive field properties of thalamic neurons, and (2) the corticothalamic pathway serves to enhance the transmission of sensory information from periphery to cortex. The second series of experiments (Specific Aim 2) will therefore test the hypothesis that corticogeniculate feedback sharpens LGN receptive fields by suppression from the extraclassical receptive field. The third series of experiments (Specific Aim 3) will test the hypothesis that corticogeniculate feedback adjusts non-spatial aspect of LGN responses. Finally, the fourth series of experiments (Specific Aim 4) will compare the effects of directed attention on corticogeniculate neurons and LGN neurons in order to test the hypothesis that attention and the corticogeniculate pathway influence the gain of LGN responses to visual stimuli. Given the central importance of corticothalamic pathways for governing the excitability of thalamocortical networks, it is important that we understand the functional properties of the corticothalamic pathway, as disorders of the pathway likely underlie several illnesses affecting vision and visual processing.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 对于感觉系统，丘脑中继细胞的前馈投影为皮层提供有关外部环境的信息。反过来，皮质向丘脑中继细胞发送广泛的反馈。因此，皮层的功能既可以处理丘脑提供的信息，也可以动态影响丘脑输入的传输。本提案中提出的实验的主要目标是确定皮质生成反馈投射的功能组织及其对视觉处理的影响。拟议的研究涉及四组实验。第一个主要系列实验（具体目标 1）将检验以下假设：皮质生成通路包含生理上不同的神经元群体，这些神经元选择性地支配 LGN 的大细胞层和小细胞层。剩下的实验将检查皮质原投射在视觉处理过程中的功能作用。一般来说，皮质原生成功能的作用分为两大类：（1）皮质丘脑通路用于增强丘脑神经元的感受野特性，（2）皮质丘脑通路用于增强感觉信息从外周到皮层的传递。因此，第二系列实验（具体目标 2）将检验以下假设：皮质生成反馈通过抑制超经典感受野来锐化 LGN 感受野。第三系列实验（具体目标 3）将检验皮质生成反馈调节 LGN 反应的非空间方面的假设。最后，第四系列实验（具体目标4）将比较定向注意力对皮质原状神经元和LGN神经元的影响，以检验注意力和皮质原状通路影响LGN对视觉刺激的反应增益的假设。鉴于皮质丘脑通路对于控制丘脑皮质网络的兴奋性至关重要，了解皮质丘脑通路的功能特性非常重要，因为该通路的紊乱可能是影响视力和视觉处理的多种疾病的基础。