Partitioning of C, N and P between particulate and dissolved phases during growth of phytoplankton at different pH.

不同pH下浮游植物生长过程中C、N和P在颗粒相和溶解相之间的分配。

• 批准号: NE/F003455/1
• 负责人: Kevin Flynn
• 金额: $ 37.39万
• 依托单位: Swansea University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF003455%2F1
• 关键词: Partitioning; between; particulate; dissolved; phases

Marine phytoplankton play a central role in the cycling of biologically important elements, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) between the atmosphere, ocean and marine sediments. Over short periods (weeks) phytoplankton can proliferate, forming vast blooms of new cells that contribute to the Particulate Organic Matter (POM) in the surface ocean. In so doing, they take up nutrients (N and P) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from seawater. This CO2 is replaced by atmospheric CO2 that dissolves in the surface ocean and restores the long-term ocean-atmosphere balance. During a bloom, some cells are consumed by grazers, supporting marine food webs, while others die or stick together and sink. Material reaching the marine sediment contributes to the 'biological carbon pump' which is capable of burying atmospheric CO2 and other nutrients over geological time scales. However, these are not the only fates for assimilated nutrients. During the growth of phytoplankton, organic molecules are released from the cells to the surrounding seawater. These organics (dissolved organic matter / DOM) are used by bacteria which degrade them, regenerating nutrients and releasing CO2 and other climatically active (or greenhouse) gases to the atmosphere. Consequently, the fate of assimilated nutrients, as either POM or DOM, has important implications for the productivity of marine food webs, for CO2 that may be removed from the atmosphere and for the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere from the surface ocean. During blooms, the partitioning of nutrients by phytoplankton between POM and DOM changes substantially although our quantitative understanding of this process is limited. In fact, there are no robust, quantitative data available that describe this partitioning in relation to the health of the phytoplankton cells. Without these data we are unable to develop and refine mathematical models that allow us to investigate the implications for marine ecosystems and for global climate change. This project will address this important shortfall in our understanding. An important factor accompanying the consumption of nutrients during phytoplankton blooms is the increase in seawater pH, from 8.2 to greater than 8.5. Ultimately phytoplankton cease to function if the pH exceeds their tolerance, with implications for species succession during bloom propagation. This aspect is usually ignored in models. We have no quantitative or rigorous data available which describes the combination of nutrient limitation and elevated pH, which is likely to effect nutrient partitioning during the acclimation process, and hence the productivity and biogeochemical impact of the bloom. This project will specifically address the impact of changes in pH upon the growth dynamics of marine phytoplankton. In contrast to periods of elevated seawater pH during blooms, evidence points to an acidification of the oceans (pH falls) during the coming decades as anthropogenic CO2 derived from human activity dissolves in the surface ocean. The impact upon the growth of phytoplankton, nutrient partitioning, and their capacity to acclimate to a relatively acidic environment is completely unknown. The implications for the marine environment and the services that it provides warrants urgent investigation. This project, conducted jointly between Swansea University and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, will see cultures of representative phytoplankton subjected to different conditions (nutrient availability, pH) representing current day and future (acidified oceanic) situations. Data describing changes in growth and activity of the organisms will support the construction and testing of mathematical models. The results will thence be incorporated into ecosystem models that will examine the implications for marine productivity and biogeochemistry of the improved description of phytoplanktonic activity, and of ocean acidification for the UK shelf seas.

海洋浮游植物在大气，海洋和海洋沉积物之间的生物学上重要元素的循环中起着核心作用，例如碳（C），氮（N）和磷（P）。在短时间内（几周）浮游植物可以增殖，形成大量的新细胞，这些细胞有助于颗粒有机物（POM）。这样一来，他们从海水中吸收营养（N和P）和二氧化碳（CO2）。该二氧化碳被溶解在地面海洋中并恢复长期海洋 - 大气平衡的大气二氧化碳取代。在开花期间，一些细胞被放牧者消耗，支持海洋食品网，而另一些则死亡或粘在一起并下沉。到达海洋沉积物的材料有助于“生物碳泵”，该泵能够在地质时间尺度上掩埋大气二氧化碳和其他营养。但是，这些并不是吸收养分的唯一命运。在浮游植物的生长过程中，有机分子从细胞释放到周围的海水。这些有机物（溶解有机物 / DOM）被细菌降解，再生营养物质，并释放二氧化碳和其他气候活性（或温室）气体。因此，作为POM或DOM的同化营养素的命运对海洋食品网的生产力具有重要意义，对于可以从大气中清除的二氧化碳和从地面海洋中将温室气体释放到大气中的二氧化碳。在开花期间，尽管我们对这一过程的定量理解是有限的，但浮游植物在POM和DOM之间对营养的分配发生了重大变化。实际上，没有可用的稳健的定量数据来描述与浮游植物细胞健康有关的这种分区。没有这些数据，我们将无法开发和完善数学模型，从而使我们能够研究对海洋生态系统和全球气候变化的影响。该项目将解决我们理解的这一重要缺口。在浮游植物盛开期间伴随养分消费的重要因素是海水pH的增加，从8.2到8.5大于8.5。最终，如果pH超过其耐受性，则浮游植物可以不再发挥作用，这对布鲁姆传播过程中的物种继承的影响。在模型中通常会忽略此方面。我们没有可用的定量或严格数据，它描述了养分限制和pH值升高的组合，这可能在适应过程中影响营养分配，从而影响花朵的生产力和生物地球化学影响。该项目将特别解决pH变化对海洋浮游植物生长动态的影响。与开花期间海水pH升高的时期相反，证据表明，在未来几十年中，海洋（pH跌落）的酸化是人类二氧化碳散发的人类活动溶解在地面海洋中的人为二氧化碳。对浮游植物的生长，营养分配的影响以及它们适应相对酸性环境的能力是完全未知的。对海洋环境及其提供的服务的影响。该项目在斯旺西大学和普利茅斯海洋实验室之间共同进行，将看到代表当前日和未来（酸化的海洋）情况的代表性浮游植物的培养物。描述生物生长和活性变化的数据将支持数学模型的构建和测试。因此，结果将纳入生态系统模型中，这些模型将研究对浮游植物活动的改进描述的海洋生产力和生物地球化学的影响，以及英国货架海洋的海洋酸化。

项目成果

In silico optimization for production of biomass and biofuel feedstocks from microalgae.

利用微藻生产生物质和生物燃料原料的计算机优化。

• DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0342-2
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Journal of applied phycology
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Kenny P

Ocean acidification with (de)eutrophication will alter future phytoplankton growth and succession.

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2604
• 发表时间: 2015-04-07
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Flynn KJ;Clark DR;Mitra A;Fabian H;Hansen PJ;Glibert PM;Wheeler GL;Stoecker DK;Blackford JC;Brownlee C
• 通讯作者: Brownlee C

Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification

• DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1489
• 发表时间: 2012-07-01
• 期刊: NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: Flynn, Kevin J.;Blackford, Jerry C.;Wheeler, Glen L.
• 通讯作者: Wheeler, Glen L.

Ocean Acidification Affects the Phyto-Zoo Plankton Trophic Transfer Efficiency.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151739
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Cripps G;Flynn KJ;Lindeque PK
• 通讯作者: Lindeque PK

Physiology limits commercially viable photoautotrophic production of microalgal biofuels.

• DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1214-3
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of applied phycology
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Kenny P;Flynn KJ
• 通讯作者: Flynn KJ