SD4: Improved understanding of population, community and ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification for commercially important species

SD4：更好地了解海洋酸化对具有重要商业价值的物种的种群、群落和生态系统的影响

• 批准号: NE/H01750X/1
• 负责人: Kevin Flynn
• 金额: $ 54.16万
• 依托单位: Swansea University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH01750X%2F1
• 关键词: SD4; Improved; understanding; population; community

Predicting the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) upon fisheries is a rapidly evolving sphere of interest. This project, conducted between the Centre of Sustainable Aquaculture Research (Swansea), Exeter and Strathclyde Universities, and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, will address these challenges using a holistic multi-disciplinary approach. We will examine the physiological and life history responses of commercially important examples of bivalves, crustacea and finfish, using the large (750 m2 floor, 150 m3 water) state-of-the-art Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research at Swansea in which these organisms, together with their live food items, can be grown under the same conditions. We will compare the physiology and growth of the selected organisms at different water acidity and temperatures (increased acidity being associated with elevated CO2 and global warming). The output from these experiments will be scaled-up to identify effects at population and community levels. The consequences of these changes for the fishing industry will then be explored. OA, however, will not only affect commercially important species, and so the wider impacts for society of changes in marine ecosystems will also be examined. OA is expected to affect reproduction and early life stages in particular; our research will focus on egg fertilization and growth over the first 2-4 months. These stages can be acid-critical (e.g. sperm swimming is sensitive to acid levels) and are the most susceptible to the external environment due to their high surface-area: volume ratio and poor ability to compensate for changes in internal acidity. Early formation of shell and skeletal structures are also vulnerable to acid changes. OA will also provide direct and indirect effects through changes to food organisms. While it is not possible to change feed species composition, we will grow phytoplankton, zooplankton and other target animals to consider food chain impacts at different acidity levels and temperatures during their most sensitive period. This will enable us to consider the potentially synergistic effects of changes to food quantity and quality, the efficiency of food conversion into growth and energy, and the support of the food chain. Continuing these studies into juvenile stages will provide data for the impact of OA upon the most sensitive stages of cell growth. The results obtained during the studies of early life stages will be complemented by more detailed studies to identify the biological mechanisms that result in an organism's vulnerability to acidity and temperature change. Data from experiments will be used to develop models of organism growth which will provide a sound base for the future development of our understanding of OA upon other species. Supported with data collected from other OA projects, these models will then be developed to link with models that can explore the social and economic consequences to the fishing industry resulting from changes in fish populations. Existing models for such estimates are in their infancy but this project will integrate new developments that relate fisheries production to whole ecosystem ecology to improve upon classic, but simplistic, fisheries models. This is especially important when considering the impacts of global climate change and OA because of the varied interactions between organisms and their environment. Using the findings generated by this study and those arising from other OA projects, the wider impacts of OA on marine ecosystems will be explored. These will be used to examine how the benefits we obtain from the marine environment change (e.g. the availability of clean water for aquaculture and recreational activities, health benefits, and the regulation of gases and climate) and how the value of these benefits change. What these changes mean for industry and society will be explored.

预测海洋酸化（OA）对渔业的影响是一个快速发展的感兴趣领域。该项目是在可持续水产养殖研究中心（Swansea），埃克塞特（Exeter）和斯特拉斯克莱德（Strathclyde）大学以及普利茅斯海洋实验室之间进行的，将使用整体多学科方法来应对这些挑战。我们将使用大型（750平方英尺，150平方米水）的最先进的可持续水产养殖研究中心，在同一条件下可以种植这些生物体的可持续水产养殖研究中心，在同一条件下，这些生物体可以在斯旺西的可持续水产养殖研究中心，在同样的条件下，使用大型（750平方公里，150平方米水）的最先进的可持续水产养殖研究中心，可以在同一生物养殖研究中进行研究。我们将在不同的水酸度和温度下比较所选生物的生理和生长（酸度升高与CO2升高和全球变暖有关）。这些实验的输出将进行扩展，以确定人口和社区水平的影响。然后将探索这些变化对捕鱼行业的后果。但是，OA不仅会影响商业上重要的物种，因此还将检查对海洋生态系统变化社会的更广泛影响。 OA有望尤其会影响生殖，尤其是生命阶段；我们的研究将集中于最初2-4个月的卵受精和生长。这些阶段可以是临界酸的（例如，精子游泳对酸水平敏感），并且由于其高表面区域而对外部环境最容易受到影响：体积比和补偿内部酸度变化的能力差。壳和骨骼结构的早期形成也容易受到酸的变化。 OA还将通过更改食品生物来提供直接和间接的影响。尽管不可能改变饲料物种组成，但我们将种植浮游植物，浮游动物和其他目标动物，以考虑食物链在最敏感的时期的不同酸度水平和温度下的影响。这将使我们能够考虑变化对食物数量和质量的可能协同作用，食物转化为生长和能量的效率以及对食物链的支持。将这些研究继续进入少年阶段，将为OA对细胞生长最敏感阶段的影响提供数据。在早期生命阶段的研究期间获得的结果将通过更详细的研究来补充，以确定生物体对酸度和温度变化的脆弱性的生物学机制。来自实验的数据将用于开发生物体生长模型，这将为我们对其他物种的OA理解的未来发展提供合理的基础。在其他OA项目中收集的数据的支持下，这些模型将被开发出来，以与可以探索鱼类种群变化导致捕鱼业的社会和经济后果的模型联系在一起。此类估计的现有模型仍处于起步阶段，但该项目将整合将渔业生产与整个生态系统生态学相关的新发展，以改善经典但简单的渔业模型。在考虑全球气候变化和OA的影响时，由于生物体与其环境之间的相互作用各不相同，这一点尤其重要。利用本研究产生的发现以及其他OA项目产生的发现，将探讨OA对海洋生态系统的更广泛影响。这些将用于研究我们从海洋环境变化中获得的好处（例如，清洁水以进行水产养殖和娱乐活动，健康益处以及对气体和气候的调节）以及这些福利的价值如何变化。这些变化对工业和社会意味着什么。

项目成果

The role of coccolithophore calcification in bioengineering their environment.

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1099
• 发表时间: 2016-06-29
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Flynn KJ;Clark DR;Wheeler G
• 通讯作者: Wheeler G

Have we been underestimating the effects of ocean acidification in zooplankton?

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12582
• 发表时间: 2014-11-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Cripps, Gemma;Lindeque, Penelope;Flynn, Kevin J.
• 通讯作者: Flynn, Kevin J.

Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification

• DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1489
• 发表时间: 2012-07-01
• 期刊: NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: Flynn, Kevin J.;Blackford, Jerry C.;Wheeler, Glen L.
• 通讯作者: Wheeler, Glen L.

Modelling ocean acidification impacts: from biological experiments to economic assessments and social impacts

模拟海洋酸化影响：从生物实验到经济评估和社会影响

• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: ICES Annual Science Conference
• 作者: Fernandes J.A.

Subtle Differences in the Representation of Consumer Dynamics Have Large Effects in Marine Food Web Models

消费者动态表示的细微差异对海洋食物网模型有很大影响

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.638892
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Flynn K