Auditory-Visual Integration and Age

听觉视觉整合和年龄

• 批准号: 7847748
• 负责人: Nancy Ann Tye-Murray
• 金额: $ 3.73万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2010-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7847748
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Attention; Auditory; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Comprehension; Data; Elderly; Environment; Goals; Grant; Guidelines; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Individual Differences; Light; Lighting; Linguistics; Measures; Mediating; Mind; Modeling; Motivation; Noise; Performance; Presbycusis; Procedures; Process; Psychologist; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Speech; Speech Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Visual; Visual Acuity; Work; age difference; age effect; age related; hearing impairment; improved; indexing; novel; processing speed; programs

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Everyday face-to-face conversations often occur in the presence of adverse environmental conditions such as background noise and/or poor lighting. In this second stage of our research on audiovisual speech perception and aging, we turn our attention to comprehension of discourse (i.e., extended verbal expression) under both favorable and unfavorable conditions. First, we propose to determine whether auditory-visual integration is a processing module that operates subsequent to the encoding of the auditory and visual speech signals, as current theoretical models assume and whether age differences emerge as the levels of auditory and visual speech information are decreased. To this end, we have developed a novel integration enhancement index that statistically controls for differences in unimodal speech perception. Using this index, we will assess integration enhancement in younger and older adults under both favorable and unfavorable listening and viewing conditions. Second, we plan to assess the extent to which age and degraded environmental conditions impair audiovisual discourse comprehension. Third, we will determine the sensory and cognitive factors that predict individual differences in older adults' discourse comprehension using measures of hearing and visual acuity, auditory and visual speech perception, processing speed, integration enhancement, and working memory. Fourth, we will examine longitudinal changes in audiovisual discourse comprehension in a group of older first-time hearing aid users over a period of 18 months. Our goal in this final study is to examine how performance changes, and whether the influence of sensory and cognitive variables on audiovisual discourse comprehension varies over time. Overall, this project represents a unique opportunity that brings together clinical audiological researchers and cognitive psychologists for the purpose of developing aural rehabilitation procedures for older persons that are grounded in well-developed theoretical models of audiovisual discourse comprehension.

描述（由申请人提供）：日常面对面交谈经常发生在不利的环境条件下，例如背景噪音和/或照明不佳。在我们关于视听言语感知和衰老的研究的第二阶段，我们将注意力转向有利和不利条件下的话语理解（即扩展的言语表达）。首先，我们建议确定听觉-视觉整合是否是一个在听觉和视觉语音信号编码之后运行的处理模块，如当前理论模型所假设的那样，以及年龄差异是否随着听觉和视觉语音信息水平的降低而出现。为此，我们开发了一种新颖的整合增强指数，可以统计控制单峰语音感知的差异。使用该指数，我们将评估年轻人和老年人在有利和不利的聆听和观看条件下的整合增强。其次，我们计划评估年龄和退化的环境条件在多大程度上损害视听话语理解。第三，我们将通过听力和视觉敏锐度、听觉和视觉言语感知、处理速度、整合增强和工作记忆的测量来确定预测老年人话语理解个体差异的感觉和认知因素。第四，我们将研究一组首次使用助听器的老年用户在 18 个月内视听话语理解能力的纵向变化。我们最终研究的目标是检查表现如何变化，以及感官和认知变量对视听话语理解的影响是否随时间变化。总体而言，该项目提供了一个独特的机会，将临床听力学研究人员和认知心理学家聚集在一起，旨在为老年人开发基于完善的视听话语理解理论模型的听力康复程序。