Implicit and explicit mechanisms in crack cocaine and sex trade association

快克可卡因和性交易协会的隐性和显性机制

基本信息

批准号：
7613141
负责人：
Catalina Kopetz
金额：
$ 4.72万
依托单位：
UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-07-01 至 2011-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7613141
关键词：
AIDS prevention Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acute Address Adopted Affect Asses Attitude Behavior Behavior Control Behavioral Bilateral Bux Cocaine Abuse Cocaine Users Cognition Cognitive Conscious Crack Cocaine Crowding Cues Daughter Dependency Disadvantaged Dissociation Drug abuse Drug usage Drug user Economic Factors Effectiveness Empirical Research Enrollment Epidemic Equilibrium Evaluation Exclusion Feeling Female Future Gender Gender Role Goals HIV HIV Infections Heterosexuals Homosexuality Individual Intention Intervention Investigation Left Life Motivation Nature Operative Surgical Procedures Participant Patient Self-Report Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Prevalence Preventive Intervention Process Prostitution Recording of previous events Reporting Research Research Personnel Risk Risk Behaviors Role Sampling Sex Behavior Social Environment Staging Stimulus Substance abuse problem Techniques Testing Unsafe Sex Vulnerable Populations Water Woman addiction behavior influence clinical application cognitive control comparison group conditioning condoms contextual factors craving design driving behavior drug abuser drug craving experience high risk sexual behavior inner city interest intravenous drug user male men men&apos s group pressure sex sex risk social substance abuser success treatment program

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Previous research has showed that crack cocaine dependencies frequently associated with engagement in sex exchange for drugs and/or money. Cultural, social and economical factors make female crack cocaine users particularly vulnerable to such practices and, as a consequence, to increased risk for HIV. The escalation of the AIDS epidemic among crack cocaine abusing women justifies the need for research to better understand the mechanism underlying the relationship between crack cocaine abuse and sex trade. This association raises the paradox of voluntarily self-destructive, even life-threatening behaviors. The challenge is to understand why people continue to engage in such behaviors that they know will harm them, despite their attempts not to do so. The proposed research suggests that one mechanism responsible for such paradox is the dissociation between the explicit and implicit evaluations and behavioral intentions regarding engagement in sex trade in the context of drug use. Specifically, while crack cocaine users may report negative feelings toward sex trade and behavioral intentions to avoid it in the future, on the implicit level, such practice remains positively related to the goal of obtaining the drug. Consequently, once such goal is activated by contextual factors (though a cue-conditioned craving), this activation will automatically activate behavioral representations and resultant action (tendency to engage in sex trade) enabling the goal directed behavior to occur in the absence of conscious intentions and control. The proposed research aims to investigate the operation of such mechanism in a sample of 120 crack cocaine users currently enrolled in residential substance abuse treatment as a function of gender (female vs. male), previous involvement in sex exchange (present vs. absent) and cognitively induced drug craving (present vs. absent). The research adopts a theoretical and methodological approach that emphasizes motivation as cognition and its implicit nature. Such approach offers a conceptual background and specific investigation techniques to asses those processes underlying the relationship between crack/cocaine abuse and risky sexual behavior that may not be readily captured by conscious introspection or cannot easily be controlled, but they nevertheless influence behavior. Empirical support for such mechanism may inform existing interventions which could help to moderate these automatic mechanisms. In addition, new techniques aimed directly at modifying implicit cognitive processes (e .g. through evaluative conditioning) in substance abuse may be developed.

描述（由申请人提供）：先前的研究表明，破解可卡因依赖通常与进行毒品和/或金钱的性交易有关。文化、社会和经济因素使女性强效可卡因使用者特别容易受到这种做法的影响，从而增加感染艾滋病毒的风险。吸食可卡因的妇女中艾滋病流行的加剧证明有必要进行研究，以更好地了解可卡因滥用与性交易之间关系的潜在机制。这种关联引发了自愿自我毁灭、甚至危及生命的行为的悖论。挑战在于理解为什么人们明知会伤害自己，却仍继续从事这些行为，尽管他们试图不这样做。拟议的研究表明，造成这种悖论的一种机制是在吸毒背景下参与性交易的显性和隐性评估与行为意图之间的分离。具体来说，虽然强效可卡因使用者可能会报告对性交易的负面感受以及未来避免性交易的行为意图，但在隐性层面上，这种做法仍然与获得毒品的目标呈正相关。因此，一旦这样的目标被情境因素激活（尽管是提示条件的渴望），这种激活将自动激活行为表征和由此产生的行动（从事性交易的倾向），从而在没有有意识意图的情况下发生目标导向的行为和控制。拟议的研究目标以目前正在接受住宅药物滥用治疗的 120 名强效可卡因使用者为样本，调查这种机制的运作情况，将其作为性别（女性与男性）、之前参与性交换（存在与不存在）以及认知诱发的药物渴望的函数（出席与缺席）。该研究采用理论和方法论方法，强调动机作为认知及其隐含性质。这种方法提供了概念背景和具体的调查技术，以评估快克/可卡因滥用与危险性行为之间关系的潜在过程，而这些过程可能不会很容易被有意识的内省所捕获，或者不容易被控制，但它们仍然会影响行为。对这种机制的经验支持可能会为现有的干预措施提供信息，从而有助于调节这些自动机制。此外，可以开发直接旨在改变药物滥用中的内隐认知过程（例如通过评价性调节）的新技术。