Enacted Stigma, Gender & Risk Behaviors of School Youth

制定的耻辱、性别

• 批准号: 7123814
• 负责人: Elizabeth Marie Saewyc
• 金额: $ 8.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-28 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7123814
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adopted; Adoption; Adult; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; American Indians; Asians; Behavior; Bisexual; Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Chronic; Cognitive; Communities; Condition; Country; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; European; Family; Gays; Gender; General Population; Generic Drugs; HIV; Health; Health Promotion; Health Surveys; Health behavior; Healthy People 2010; Heterosexuals; High Prevalence; Indigenous; Individual; International; Intervention; Ireland; Laws; Learning; Lesbian; Life; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Monitor; Names; New Zealand; Obesity; Pattern; Perception; Play; Population; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Prevalence; Principal Investigator; Process; Purpose; Questionnaires; Range; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Respondent; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Robin bird; Role; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Sex Orientation; Sexual abuse; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Site; Social Discrimination; Social Environment; Social Interaction; Societies; Stigmata; Suicide attempt; Surveys; Teenagers; Testing; Tribes; United States; Variant; Victimization; Violence; Vulnerable Populations; Work; Youth; Zea; base; day; disability; ethnic difference; ethnic minority population; expectation; experience; fighting; health disparity; high school; interest; member; peer; programs; protective behavior; response; social; social group; social stigma; suicidal behavior; theories

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning (GLBQ) youth are at increased risk for health disparities, including HIV and teen pregnancy, vs. heterosexual peers, a risk attributed to the effects of nearly universal stigma for sexual minorities. Behaviors in a social group that convey or enforce stigma are enacted stigma; culture influences stigma, yet gender and ethnic variations in enacted stigma have seldom been examined among youth. Enacted stigma in school has been measured only indirectly in large-scale school-based surveys. To develop effective interventions, we need to understand enacted stigma among different cultural groups, develop culturally competent, reliable measures, and test the links between stigma and health behaviors in population-based surveys. Although GLBQ stigma is our primary focus, understanding how other types of stigma are enacted is important in developing general measures of enacted stigma. Therefore, the purpose of this 5-year, mixed-methods international study is to explore enacted stigma behaviors among indigenous, Asian-ancestry, and European-ancestry adolescents in school environments in Canada, New Zea- land, and the US, to develop cross-cultural measures of enacted stigma for adolescent health surveys, and to examine the association of types of stigma and HIV risk behaviors among adolescents. The specific aims are: I. To compare the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors associated with sexual orientation and other stigmatized identi- ties among youth in existing large-scale school-based surveys, and to identify both the existing indirect measures of stigma that are risk factors plus the protective factors significantly associated with the HIV risk behaviors. II. To identify the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors and associated risk and protective factors among indigenous adolescents--American Indian (US), First Nations (Canada), Maori (New Zealand--as well as youth of Asian ancestry in each country, and to compare the patterns among adolescents of similar ethnic backgrounds in the 3 countries. III. To explore among adolescent and adult key informants the ways stigma is understood, assigned, and enforced in the school environment, and to compare the patterns within the three countries. This exploration will be focused pri- marily on stigma based on sexual orientation status, but other types of stigmatized identities will be examined to under- stand the similarities and differences of how stigma is enacted, and the potential utility of generic stigma measures. IV. Within each country, to elicit explanatory models from adolescents and youth workers on the survey findings of HIV risk behaviors and stigma, and to tap suggested strategies for reducing stigma and addressing sexual risk behaviors in culturally appropriate ways among GLBQ youth. V. Incorporating the findings of aims I-IV, to develop, pilot, and psychometrically evaluate universal and country- specific culturally competent items and scales, for population-based adolescent health surveys, that measure perceived and enacted stigma in school, to allow cross-cul_ral comparisons of the effects of stigma among adolescents.

男同性恋、女同性恋、双性恋和有疑问的 (GLBQ) 青少年面临更大的健康差异风险，包括艾滋病毒和艾滋病毒 与异性恋同龄人相比，青少年怀孕的风险归因于对性少数群体几乎普遍的耻辱的影响。 社会群体中传达或强化耻辱的行为被称为耻辱；文化影响耻辱，但性别和 年轻人中所表现出的耻辱的种族差异很少得到研究。在学校里实施的耻辱已经 仅在大规模学校调查中间接测量。为了制定有效的干预措施，我们需要了解 制定不同文化群体之间的污名化，制定文化上可行的可靠措施，并测试联系 基于人口的调查中耻辱与健康行为之间的关系。虽然 GLBQ 耻辱是我们的主要关注点， 了解其他类型的耻辱是如何形成的对于制定针对所形成的耻辱的一般措施非常重要。 因此，这项为期 5 年的混合方法国际研究的目的是探索所制定的耻辱行为 加拿大、新西兰学校环境中的土著、亚洲血统和欧洲血统青少年 土地和美国，制定针对青少年健康调查的耻辱的跨文化措施，并审查 青少年中耻辱类型与艾滋病毒危险行为的关联。具体目标是： I. 比较与性取向和其他污名化身份相关的艾滋病毒危险行为的流行率 现有的大规模校本调查中青年之间的联系，并确定现有的间接措施 耻辱是危险因素加上与艾滋病毒危险行为显着相关的保护因素。 二.确定土著居民中艾滋病毒危险行为的流行情况以及相关的风险和保护因素 青少年——美洲印第安人（美国）、原住民（加拿大）、毛利人（新西兰——以及亚洲血统的年轻人 并比较这 3 个国家中相似种族背景的青少年的模式。 三．探讨青少年和成年关键信息提供者如何理解、分配和实施耻辱 学校环境，并比较三个国家的模式。此次探索将重点关注 主要是基于性取向状况的耻辱，但其他类型的耻辱身份也将受到审查，以防止 忍受污名化实施方式的异同，以及通用污名化措施的潜在效用。 四．在每个国家内，根据青少年和青年工作者的调查结果引出解释模型 艾滋病毒风险行为和耻辱，并利用建议的策略来减少耻辱和解决性风险行为 以适合 GLBQ 青年文化的方式开展活动。 V. 结合目标 I-IV 的研究结果，制定、试点和心理测量评估普遍和国家的 用于基于人口的青少年健康调查的具体文化能力项目和量表，衡量感知 并在学校制定了耻辱制度，以便对青少年中的耻辱效应进行跨文化比较。