Brainstem-cerebellar Interactions in Gaze Control

凝视控制中的脑干-小脑相互作用

• 批准号: 6979752
• 负责人: EDWARD G FREEDMAN
• 金额: $ 23.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6979752
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain stem; cerebellar nuclei; cerebellum; electrostimulus; eye movements; head movements; motion perception; neural information processing; psychomotor function; saccades; superior colliculus; visual perception

Project 1: Producing smoothly coordinated movements during performance of complex behaviors is an essential goal of the nervous system. To accomplish this, sensory information must be integrated continuously in order to construct a representation of objects in the world. This critical function requires the ability to distinguish between self-generated and object motion, to integrate diverse sensory information, and to plan and execute simultaneous motor behaviors. The interactions among neural structures that mediate selection and execution of coordinated movements, and the mechanisms that resolve the inherent conflict between stabilizing reflexes and motor commands are critical issues in understanding the neural control of coordinated action. The neural control of coordinated eye-head movements is an experimental system that has provided significant insights into the neural mechanisms mediating visual orienting behaviors. Directing the line of sight (gaze) towards interesting objects enhances our perception of the object and provides a way to construct and maintain an internal model of the world. These changes in gaze direction are generally accomplished by coordinating the eyes and head, and provide an excellent model system for studying the neural control of orienting behaviors, the coordination of multiple body segments, spatial orientation and transformation of sensory information into motor commands. The goals of the proposed research are to elucidate the neural computations and mechanisms required for coordination within the context of visual orienting movements. The cerebellum has long been implicated in the refinement of motor commands and correction of errors between commanded and executed movements. The brainstem control of eye-head coordination during visual orienting behaviors has been and continues to be a major focus of research in this lab. The experiments proposed here extend this work in order to investigate the role of the cerebellum in modifying and/or correcting the motor commands generated by brainstem regions. The proposed research will test the differential roles of the caudal and rostral portions of the fastigial nucleus in coordinating movements of the eyes and head. Experiments will also test the hypothesis that gaze shift commands generated by activity in the superior colliculus are refined by activity in the caudal fastigial nucleus (cFN). The primary goals of the research in the lab are to understand the neural mechanisms mediating coordinated actions. Disruption of these mechanisms can result from stroke or disease and often have devastating consequences such as spatial disorientation, saccadic dysmetria and/or ataxia. The proposed research will facilitate early detection of disturbances and lead to new treatments of these disorders.

项目1：在复杂行为表现过程中产生平稳协调的运动是神经系统的基本目标。为此，必须连续集成感官信息，以构建世界上对象的表示。此关键功能需要能够区分自我生成和对象运动，整合多样化的感官信息，并计划和执行同时运动行为。神经结构之间的相互作用，介导协调运动的选择和执行，以及解决稳定反射和运动命令之间固有冲突的机制是理解协调作用的神经控制的关键问题。协调的眼头运动的神经控制是一个实验系统 这为介导视觉方向行为的神经机制提供了重要的见解。将视线（视线）引导到有趣的物体上，增强了我们对对象的看法，并提供了一种构建和维护世界内部模型的方法。凝视方向上的这些变化通常是通过协调眼睛和头部来实现的，并提供了一个出色的模型系统，用于研究定向行为的神经控制，多个身体段的协调，空间取向以及感觉信息转化为运动命令。拟议的研究的目标是阐明在视觉方向运动的背景下协调所需的神经计算和机制。小脑长期以来一直涉及到电动机命令的完善以及命令和执行动作之间错误的纠正。在视觉方向行为过程中，脑干控制眼头配位的控制一直是该实验室研究的主要重点。此处提出的实验扩展了这项工作，以研究小脑在修改和/或纠正脑干区域产生的电动机命令中的作用。拟议的研究将测试快速核核的尾和尾部部分在眼睛和头部的配位运动中的差异作用。实验还将检验以下假设：在尾collicul虫中，通过活动中的活性产生的凝视转移命令是通过尾尾核（CFN）中的活性来完善的。实验室研究的主要目标是了解介导协调作用的神经机制。这些机制的破坏可能是由中风或疾病引起的，并且经常带来毁灭性的后果，例如空间迷失方向，saccadic dysmetria和/或ataxia。拟议的研究将促进早期发现障碍，并导致对这些疾病的新治疗。