Brainstem control of visual orienting movements

视觉定向运动的脑干控制

• 批准号: 6792169
• 负责人: EDWARD G FREEDMAN
• 金额: $ 31.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-03 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6792169
• 关键词: Primates; behavioral /social science research tag; brain regulatory center; caudate nucleus; electromyography; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; eye movements; head movements; motor neurons; neural information processing; orientation; saccades; single cell analysis; space perception; superior colliculus; synapses; visual perception

DESCRIPTION(adapted from applicant's abstract): The ability to coordinate movements during the performance of complex behaviors in our ever-changing environment is an essential goal of the nervous system. To accomplish this, sensory information must be integrated continuously in order to construct a representation of objects in the world. This critical function requires the ability to distinguish between self-generated and object motion, to integrate diverse sensory information, and to plan and execute simultaneous motor behaviors. The neural control of eye movements is an experimental system that has provided significant insights into the neural mechanisms mediating visual orienting behaviors. Directing the line of sight (gaze) towards interesting objects enhances our perception of the object and provides a way to construct and maintain an internal model of the world. These shifts in gaze direction are generally accomplished by coordinating movements of the eyes and head, and they provide an excellent model system for studying the neural control of orienting behavior, the coordination of multiple body segments, spatial orientation and transformation of sensory information into motor commands. By recording the activity of specific groups of neurons during performance of orienting movements it is possible to correlate neural responses with particular features of coordinated gaze shifts. The goals of the proposed research are to use these techniques to elucidate the neural computations and processes involved in eye-head coordination. Our recent experiments, recording neural activity in the brainstem of head-free monkeys, indicate that the relationships which have previously defined the rules of the oculomotor system, break down when the head and eyes move together to re-direct the line of sight (gaze). The implications of these experiments are that hypotheses of oculomotor control based on data from head restrained subjects, are a special case of a more general system. The proposed experiments are designed to identify and characterize the mechanisms of this more general control system, and will contribute directly to our understanding of the neural control of orienting movements. They also contribute to a more general understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in motor control and coordination during complex behaviors. In addition, this research will facilitate identification and treatment of spatial disorientation, saccadic and/or gaze dysmetrias, and brain stem damage resulting from trauma or disease.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：坐标的能力 在我们不断变化的复杂行为表现过程中的动作 环境是神经系统的基本目标。为此， 必须连续集成感官信息，以构建 代表世界上的物体。此关键功能需要 区分自我生成和对象运动，集成的能力 多样化的感官信息，并计划和执行同时发动机 行为。眼动神经控制是一个实验系统 已经对介导视觉的神经机制提供了重要的见解 定向行为。将视线（目光）引向有趣的 对象增强了我们对对象的看法，并提供了一种构造的方法 并保持世界内部模型。这些凝视方向的转变是 通常通过协调眼睛和头部的运动来实现，它们 提供了一个出色的模型系统来研究定向的神经控制 行为，多个身体段的协调，空间取向和 将感觉信息转换为电机命令。 通过记录特定神经元的活性 定向运动可以将神经反应与 凝视转移的特殊特征。提议的目标 研究是使用这些技术来阐明神经计算和 眼头协调涉及的过程。我们最近的实验，记录 无头猴脑干的神经活动表明 以前定义了眼动系统规则的关系， 当头和眼睛一起移动以重新指导视线时分解 （目光）。这些实验的含义是动眼的假设 基于头部约束受试者数据的控制是一个特殊情况 更通用的系统。提出的实验旨在识别和 表征这种更一般控制系统的机制，并将 直接为我们对定向神经控制的理解做出贡献 动作。他们还有助于对神经的更一般的理解 复杂行为过程中涉及运动控制和协调的机制。 此外，这项研究将有助于识别和处理 空间迷失方向，saccadic和/或凝视功能障碍以及脑干损伤 由创伤或疾病导致。