Alcohol & Women's Cognitive Mediation--HIV Risk Taking

酒精

• 批准号: 7277838
• 负责人: JEANETTE NORRIS
• 金额: $ 37.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-22 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7277838
• 关键词: 20 year old; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Case Study; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Contracts; Cues; Decision Making; Disadvantaged; Distal; Effectiveness; Expectancy; Experimental Designs; Foundations; HIV; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Lead; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Modeling; Myopia; Outcome; Physiological; Placebo Effect; Prevention intervention; Process; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Role; Series; Sexual Partners; Source; Testing; Theoretical model; Victimization; Woman; Work; age group; alcohol effect; base; condoms; design; drinking; legal drinking age; man; men; older women; research study; response; sex; sexual assault

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proportion of all AIDS cases reported among women has more than tripled since 1985. It appears that relationships with men are the greatest source of HIV risk for women. Women's ability to successfully negotiate is an important component of the process. Although the ultimate decision to use preventative measures is the man's, in a consensual encounter, there is still an opportunity for a woman to insist or influence that decision. Alcohol consumption can interfere with the effectiveness of a woman's negotiation and the decision not to be involved in risky behavior. We propose that these outcomes are cognitively mediated by a series of primary and secondary appraisals during these encounters. Primary appraisals are those directed toward recognizing that a situation is likely to lead to these inevitable men-women encounters. Secondary appraisals involve assessing the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in negotiation, and can influence the effectiveness of the negotiation. In addition to being influenced by alcohol, both directly through actual consumption and indirectly through expectancies, these secondary appraisals and subsequent negotiation can be influenced by the type of relationship the woman has with the man and her knowledge about his relationship history. Ultimately these will lead to her decision whether to have unprotected relationship. Theoretical models of cognitive mediation and the effects of alcohol consumption and expectancies provide the foundation for this work. Four experiments are proposed to investigate physiological and expectancy set effects in young women of drinking age. An additional four experiments will investigate the role of alcohol expectancies in 18-20 year old women. Manipulated variables in the between-subjects experimental design include relationship type and knowledge of partner's relationship history, depending on the experiment. The role of background factors related to the relational self, and victimization history will also be examined. This work will provide important information about how women's alcohol consumption and expectancies about relationships affect their assessment of situations, negotiation, and decisions about unprotected involvement. Findings have implications for designing prevention interventions, especially related to alcohol's role as a risk factor for contracting HIV.

描述（由申请人提供）：自 1985 年以来，报告的所有艾滋病病例中女性的比例增加了两倍多。看来与男性的关系是女性感染艾滋病毒风险的最大来源。妇女成功谈判的能力是这一过程的重要组成部分。尽管采取预防措施的最终决定是由男性做出的，但在双方同意的情况下，女性仍然有机会坚持或影响这一决定。 饮酒会影响女性谈判的有效性以及不参与危险行为的决定。 我们认为，这些结果是由这些遭遇期间的一系列主要和次要评估在认知上介导的。主要评估旨在认识到某种情况可能会导致这些不可避免的男女相遇。二次评估涉及评估参与谈判的利弊，可以影响谈判的有效性。除了直接通过实际消费和通过预期间接受到酒精的影响之外，这些二次评估和随后的谈判还可能受到女性与男性的关系类型以及她对男性关系历史的了解的影响。最终这些将导致她决定是否建立不受保护的关系。认知中介的理论模型以及饮酒和期望的影响为这项工作奠定了基础。提出了四项实验来研究饮酒年龄的年轻女性的生理和预期设定效应。另外四项实验将调查酒精预期对 18-20 岁女性的影响。受试者间实验设计中的操纵变量包括关系类型和伴侣关系历史的知识，具体取决于实验。还将研究与关系自我相关的背景因素和受害历史的作用。这项工作将提供重要信息，说明女性的饮酒情况和对人际关系的期望如何影响她们对情况的评估、谈判和有关无保护参与的决定。研究结果对于设计预防干预措施具有重要意义，特别是与酒精作为感染艾滋病毒危险因素的作用有关。