Dynamically Integrating Macro and Micro Processes

动态集成宏观和微观流程

• 批准号: 7502687
• 负责人: BARBARA ENTWISLE
• 金额: $ 31.56万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7502687
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Behavior; Cells; Characteristics; Communities; Complement; Complex; Data; Dimensions; Discipline; Economic Conditions; Economics; Elements; Facility Construction Funding Category; Geography; Glass; Health; Household; Individual; Infant Mortality; Learning; Link; Literature; Marriage; Measures; Meteorology; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Numbers; Outcome; Process; Randomized; Range; Research; Research Personnel; Running; Social Characteristics; Social Network; Sociology; Spouses; Standards of Weights and Measures; Statistical Models; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Thailand; Time; Ursidae Family; base; computerized tools; falls; improved; innovation; insight; land use; migration; research study; social; social model; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many aspects of the social world bear on important health outcomes, but for most, the exact nature of their impact is still unclear. Although much has been learned through statistical approaches, the literature falls short of a causal understanding of how macro and micro processes interrelate in affecting health. The proposed research uses a spatially explicit agent-based modeling approach, informed by insights from sociology, geography, and economics. Dynamic social networks are included endogenously, an especially innovative element. Through the construction of a model in one setting, a set of modeling tools will be developed that will be applicable across a wide range of settings. These new tools will be made available through a public website. Once the agent-based model is constructed, it will be used to study interconnections among the social, spatial, and biophysical dimensions of the local context, taking into account migration, residential choice, land use, and household wealth, and feedbacks therein. In the process will come a better understanding of the consequences of oversimplification in standard statistical models of community effects. The model will also be used to conduct experiments about the effects of a sudden shift in infant mortality and shifts in economic conditions. The model will be field tested twice, the first time to validate key model assumptions and the second time to explore unexpected results. Indeed, an advantage of the agent-based approach is the possibility of "emergence" at the system or community level (i.e., the integration of macro and micro processes producing new structures not anticipated based on a simple aggregation of individual and household behaviors). Finally, borrowing and extending tools from the fields of meteorology and control theory, new methods for testing model sensitivity that are more computationally efficient than those now in use will be developed, applied, and made broadly available. The proposed project will develop tools to study social processes involving individuals, households, social networks, and communities in relation to health. The application of these tools will help us better understand and interpret the research literature connecting community factors with health outcomes and provide a complement to the standard statistical approaches.

描述（由申请人提供）：社会世界的许多方面都在重要的健康状况方面占据着，但对于大多数人来说，其影响的确切性质仍然不清楚。尽管通过统计方法学到了很多东西，但文献却没有因果关系对宏观和微观过程在影响健康方面的相互关联的理解。拟议的研究使用了一种基于空间的基于代理的建模方法，该方法由社会学，地理和经济学的见解所启示。动态社交网络被内源性地包括在内，这是一个特别创新的元素。通过在一种设置中构建模型，将开发一组建模工具，这些工具将适用于广泛的设置。这些新工具将通过公共网站提供。一旦构建了基于代理的模型，它将用于研究当地环境的社会，空间和生物物理维度之间的互连，并考虑到移民，住宅选择，土地使用和家庭财富以及其中的反馈。在此过程中，在社区效应的标准统计模型中，对过度简化的后果有了更好的了解。该模型还将用于进行有关婴儿死亡率突然转移和经济状况转变的影响的实验。该模型将进行两次测试，这是第一次验证关键模型假设，也是第二次探索意外结果。确实，基于代理的方法的优势是在系统或社区层面上“出现”的可能性（即，基于单个和家庭行为的简单聚集而产生的宏观和微观过程的整合产生了未预见的新结构）。最后，从气象学和控制理论领域借用和扩展工具，测试模型灵敏度的新方法比现在使用的那些更有效的计算效率，将被开发，应用和广泛可用。拟议的项目将开发工具，以研究与健康有关的个人，家庭，社交网络和社区涉及的社会过程。这些工具的应用将有助于我们更好地理解和解释将社区因素与健康结果联系起来的研究文献，并为标准统计方法提供补充。