Food Rheology and Exercise in Aging Humans

食物流变学和老年人运动

• 批准号: 7383062
• 负责人: WAYNE W CAMPBELL
• 金额: $ 27.98万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-15 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7383062
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Acute; Adult; Age; Age-Years; Aging; Behavioral; Body Composition; Body Weight; Body Weight Changes; Body Weight decreased; Body fat; Brain; Carbohydrates; Cholecystokinin; Chronic; Complex; Condition; Consumption; Coupled; Cross-Over Studies; Daily; Data; Desire for food; Diet; Dietary intake; Documentation; Eating; Elderly; Elderly man; Endocrine; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Energy-Generating Resources; Epidemic; Exercise; Expenditure; Face; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Feeding behaviors; Financial compensation; Food; Food and Beverages; Foundations; Gastrointestinal Transit; Genetic; Glucose; Health Personnel; Hour; Human; Hunger; Ingestion; Insulin; Intake; Knowledge; Laboratories; Leptin; Liquid substance; Maize; Metabolic; Morbidity - disease rate; Numbers; Nutrient; Obesity; Overweight; Peptides; Peripheral; Persons; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Population; Prevalence; Principal Investigator; Property; Proteins; Recommendation; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Rheology; Risk; Satiation; Satiety Response; Signal Transduction; Skeletal Muscle; Smell Perception; Solid; Supplementation; Sweetening Agents; Syndrome; Taste Perception; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Training; Underweight; United States; Week; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; Zea mays; desire; dietary supplements; energy balance; falls; feeding; frailty; gastrointestinal; increased appetite; mortality; muscle strength; neurochemistry; neuropeptide Y; nutrition; obesity risk; obesity treatment; older men; proctolin; programs; response; sarcopenia; sedentary; size; soft drink; success; toe corn; week trial; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human aging is often associated with compromised regulation of energy balance and inappropriate body weight and body composition. Among adults older than 60 years, about 38% are overweight, 15% are obese, 20% are underweight, and 20-50% have sarcopenia. Safe and effective therapies to help elderly people maintain a healthy body weight and composition are sought. Pilot research shows that the ingestion of a food in fluid form elicits a weaker appetitive response, differential changes in glucose, insulin and leptin (and possibly neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin) (each regulators of appetite), and an increase in food intake at the next meal, compared to eating a solid food. Thus, the ingestion of energy as fluids might help underweight elderly people increase energy intake and body weight, while the ingestion of solids should be more satiating and help overweight elderly people maintain or lower body weight. Research also shows that resistive exercise (RE) and training influence the regulation of energy balance and help to treat sarcopenia. Limited data indicate that RE influences the dietary response to nutrient supplementation in elderly people, and that different responses might occur when the supplement is consumed in fluid vs. solid form. This proposal entails three studies designed to more fully document the differential dietary responses to energy-yielding fluids vs. solids in 65-90 year-old persons who are sedentary or perform RE, to examine potential contributory mechanisms, and to test the therapeutic application of this knowledge. Study 1 will contrast the acute effects of fluid and solid food ingestion, coupled with RE, on satiation, satiety, and feeding. Study 2 will document potential mechanisms to explain findings from Study 1 by assessing fluid vs. solid foods and RE on specific gastrointestinal and endocrine regulators of satiety (i.e., glucose, insulin, leptin, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin and gastrointestinal transit time). Study 3, a cross-over study with two 8-week trials, will assess in sedentary and resistive training elderly persons the effects of the chronic intake of fluid vs. solid nutritional supplements on appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, body weight and composition, and the regulators of satiety listed in Study 2. Documentation of differential responses to energy-yielding fluid and solid foods in sedentary and RE elderly people will provide a strong foundation for integrative recommendations to promote safe and effective weight changes in elderly people.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类衰老通常与能量平衡和不适当体重和身体成分的受损有关。在60岁以上的成年人中，大约38％的人超重，肥胖为15％，体重不足，20％至50％患有肌肉减少症。寻求安全有效的疗法，以帮助老年人保持健康的体重和组成。试点研究表明，以液体形式摄入食物会引起食欲反应较弱，葡萄糖，胰岛素和瘦素的不同变化（以及可能的神经肽Y和胆囊动物素）（食欲的每个调节剂）以及下一顿饭的食物摄入量增加，与食用固体食物相比。因此，摄入能量作为液体可能有助于体重不足的老年人增加能量的摄入量和体重，而摄入固体应该更加满足，并有助于超重的老年人保持体重或降低体重。研究还表明，抵抗运动（RE）和训练会影响能量平衡的调节并有助于治疗肌肉减少症。有限的数据表明，RE会影响老年人对养分补充的饮食反应，并且当补充剂以流体与固体形式消费时可能会发生不同的反应。 该提案需要三项研究，旨在更充分地记录对能量赋予能量流体的差异性饮食反应与65-90岁的固体久坐或执行RE的固体，以检查潜在的贡献机制，并测试该知识的治疗应用。研究1将对比液体和固体食物摄入的急性影响，再加上RE，饱腹感，饱腹感和喂养。研究2将通过评估液体与固体食物，以及对饱腹感的特定胃肠道和内分泌调节剂（即葡萄糖，胰岛素，瘦素，神经肽Y，胆管肽Y，胆囊化史蒂芬蛋白和胃肠道交通时间）来解释研究1的潜在机制。研究3是一项针对两项为期8周的试验的跨界研究，将在久坐不动的培训中评估老年人的慢性摄入液体与固体营养补充剂对食欲，饮食摄入，能量的摄入，体重和组成的饮食摄入，体重和组成的影响，以及在研究中列出的SATEINTER的调节剂，并在研究中列出了较强的依赖型号的人，并提供了对较强的食物，并且在较强的疾病中，对年龄较大的食物进行了良好的基础，以繁殖的态度，以繁殖的态度，以较高的态度，以繁殖的态度，以繁殖的态度，以较高的态度，以繁殖的方式，以较高的态度，既有型号，又是繁殖的。综合建议，以促进老年人的安全有效体重变化。