Functioning Imaging of Emergent Learning

突发学习的功能成像

基本信息

批准号：
7090761
负责人：
MICHAEL W. SCHLUND
金额：
$ 7.86万
依托单位：
HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2005-07-01 至 2008-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One (1) defining characteristic of learning deficits associated with developmental disabilities is difficulty learning conditional or semantic relations among stimuli that do not share common physical features. One (1) such example is learning that the word "TWO" and the number "2" are semantically related or that "TWO" "2" and "OO" (2 circles) may be members of the same concept. The present R03 small grant proposal is designed to reveal the functional neuroanatomy of a process known as stimulus equivalence. Stimulus equivalence (SE) is a process by which reinforcement contingencies are manipulated during direct training to establish a set of learned conditional/semantic relations among stimuli, for example, learning the conditional relation if stimulus A, select stimulus B (A:B), and a second conditional relation, B:C. During subsequent testing, several new relations have been found to "emerge" without direct training. These SE relations are termed: symmetry (B:A), transitivity (A:C), and equivalence (C:A). To broaden our understanding of the neuroanatomy of conditional/semantic learning deficits in developmental disabilities, we investigated SE processes in healthy adults using fMRI. Results showed SE relations produced frontal-striatal activation in regions implicated in reward processing and decision making. In this proposal, we will use BOLD fMRI to demonstrate that discriminations of SE relations involve the striatum and ventral frontal cortex. We will also investigate frontal-striatal responses to SE relations established through different consequences (nonverbal vs. verbal) and different mechanisms (contingencies vs. instructions). Results obtained with healthy adult subjects will help us to further test and develop our model of frontal-striatal involvement in SE.

描述（由申请人提供）：与发育障碍相关的学习缺陷的一 (1) 个定义特征是难以学习不具有共同物理特征的刺激之间的条件或语义关系。一 (1) 个此类示例是了解到单词“TWO”和数字“2”在语义上相关，或者“TWO”、“2”和“OO”（2 个圆圈）可能是同一概念的成员。目前的 R03 小额赠款提案旨在揭示刺激等效过程的功能神经解剖学。刺激等价（SE）是在直接训练期间操纵强化意外事件以在刺激之间建立一组学习条件/语义关系的过程，例如，学习刺激 A、选择刺激 B (A:B) 的条件关系，以及第二个条件关系 B:C。在随后的测试中，发现一些新的关系在没有直接训练的情况下“出现”。这些 SE 关系被称为：对称性 (B:A)、传递性 (A:C) 和等价性 (C:A)。为了扩大我们对发育障碍中条件/语义学习缺陷的神经解剖学的理解，我们使用功能磁共振成像研究了健康成年人的 SE 过程。结果表明，SE 关系在涉及奖励处理和决策的区域产生额叶-纹状体激活。在本提案中，我们将使用 BOLD fMRI 来证明 SE 关系的辨别涉及纹状体和腹侧额叶皮层。我们还将研究额叶-纹状体对通过不同后果（非语言与语言）和不同机制（意外事件与指令）建立的 SE 关系的反应。在健康成人受试者中获得的结果将有助于我们进一步测试和开发 SE 中额叶纹状体参与的模型。