Insecticide mosaics and sustainability of treated nets

杀虫剂马赛克和处理过的蚊帐的可持续性

基本信息

批准号：
6885353
负责人：
Edward D Walker
金额：
$ 40.72万
依托单位：
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-09-15 至 2008-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) show great promise as an intervention to reduce malaria transmission in endemic areas of subSaharan Africa, where the toll of malaria is high. When low toxicity pyrethroids are incorporated into the nets, females of the main vector species Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are either repelled, deterred, or are killed on contact. In this proposal, we focus on the potential for evolution of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in ITNs to interfere with sustainability of their use. Our study site is in western Kenya, where the only large scale trial in a holoendemic area with perennial transmission was recently completed, and where approximately 120,000 people are under nets. The four specific aims are: (1) Evaluation of the effect of ITN implementation on vector population genetic and community structure and prevalence of resistance using novel molecular genetic approaches and GIS analyses. (2) Quantification of behavioral responses of Anopheles females to insecticide treated net materials in laboratory and field settings. (3) Evaluation of insecticide mosaic ITN formulations and rotation schemes on entomological transmission parameters in field settings. (4) Cohort epidemiologic analyses of the effects of insecticide mosaics and rotations on malariologic outcomes. Our primary hypothesis is that Insecticide mosaics (i.e., simultaneously presented or temporally rotated insecticides in net materials) provide the means of moderating and managing the effects of resistance under operational conditions. We will develop and evaluate resistance management strategies through incorporation of insecticide mosaics of low toxicity but high and variable activity against these vectors. Included will be both Type I and Type II pyrethroids with varying repellence, deterrence, and lethality properties, the hormone mimic pyriproxyphen, the low toxicity carbamate carbosulfan, and the low toxicity organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl. Industry partners Vestergaard-Frandsen and Syngenta are directly involved in these efforts, for formulation and evaluation purposes.

描述（由申请人提供）：经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）作为一种干预措施显示出巨大的前景，可以减少撒哈拉以南非洲流行地区的疟疾传播，那里的疟疾死亡人数很高。当将低毒拟除虫菊酯纳入蚊帐中时，主要媒介冈比亚按蚊（An. Anopheles gambiae）的雌性。阿拉伯，和 An. funestus 要么被击退、被威慑，要么在接触时被杀死。在本提案中，我们重点关注驱虫蚊帐中合成拟除虫菊酯耐药性的演变，从而干扰其使用的可持续性。我们的研究地点位于肯尼亚西部，那里最近完成了在常年传播的大流行地区唯一的大规模试验，大约有 120,000 人处于蚊帐之下。四个具体目标是： (1) 使用新型分子遗传学方法和 GIS 分析评估驱虫蚊帐的实施对病媒种群遗传和群落结构以及抗性流行率的影响。 (2) 在实验室和现场环境中量化雌性按蚊对经杀虫剂处理的网材料的行为反应。 (3) 杀虫剂镶嵌ITN配方和轮换方案对田间昆虫学传播参数的评价。 (4) 杀虫剂镶嵌和轮换对疟疾结果影响的队列流行病学分析。我们的主要假设是杀虫剂镶嵌（即，在网材料中同时呈现或暂时轮换杀虫剂）提供了在操作条件下调节和管理抗性影响的方法。我们将通过结合针对这些载体的低毒但高且可变活性的杀虫剂嵌合体来开发和评估抗性管理策略。其中包括具有不同驱避性、威慑性和致死性的 I 型和 II 型拟除虫菊酯、激素模拟吡丙醚、低毒性氨基甲酸酯丁硫克百威和低毒性有机磷甲基嘧啶磷。行业合作伙伴 Vestergaard-Frandsen 和先正达直接参与这些工作，以制定和评估目的。