Non-Contact Spectroscopic Probe For Endoscope

内窥镜非接触式光谱探头

• 批准号: 7405043
• 负责人: STEPHEN FREDERICK FULGHUM
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: NEWTON LABORATORIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-17 至 2009-09-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7405043
• 关键词: Algorithms; Area; Benign; Biopsy; Blood; Bronchi; Bronchoscopes; Caliber; Cancer Detection; Cancerous; Clinical; Condition; Detection; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diffuse; Distal; Dysplasia; Endoscopes; Endoscopy; Exhibits; Fluorescence; Future; Hemoglobin; Histocompatibility Testing; Image; In Vitro; Institutes; Intercept; Laboratories; Lasers; Left; Legal patent; Lesion; Licensing; Light; Literature; Localized; Lung; Massachusetts; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Numbers; Optics; Pathology; Patients; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Premalignant; Procedures; Production; Reading; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Risk; Sampling; Site; Source; Specificity; Spectrum Analysis; Standards of Weights and Measures; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Viola; Visual; Wolves; absorption; base; cost; data acquisition; design; improved; in vivo; instrument; nephelometry; pressure; programs; spectroscopic imaging; tissue phantom; ultraviolet

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Autofluorescence endoscope systems demonstrate high sensitivity for the detection of cancerous or precancerous lesions. These areas are indicated by a reduction in the level of tissue autofluorescence. Visual detection of such regions is straightforward but often results in false positive readings since there are benign conditions which can cause the same effect. A method which results in a high number of false positive readings is described as one with low specificity. To improve the specificity of autofluorescence endoscopy additional information beyond a visual assessment of the reduction in fluorescence intensity can be taken. Spectral information, resulting from the dispersion or filtering of the intrinsic fluorescence and/or white light reflected from the tissue has been shown to be effective at diagnosing cancerous tissue. Similarly, information available from measurements of light scattering in the tissue can be used to classify tissue types and measure the concentration of important tissue components such as hemoglobin. This information has been correlated to the presence or absence of cancerous lesions. In the past such information has been available from fiberoptic spectroscopic probes passed through the biopsy channel of an endoscope and brought into direct contact with the tissue under video observation. This program will develop a non-contact spectroscopic probe that will be fixed in position at the distal tip of an autofluorescence endoscope. There are numerous advantages for a non-contact spectroscopic probe used in conjunction with the autofluorescence endoscope. If the probe is built into the endoscope it is always available. If the probe does not contact the tissue it cannot cause a false reading by damaging the tissue surface and raising a layer of blood (which readily absorbs fluorescence). Tissue scattering is more easily measured with non-contact probes because this scattering is sensitive to local pressure. Handling of a non-contact probe is easier because the area being examined spectroscopically can be indicated visually on the endoscope imaging display and positioned by adjusting the direction of the distal tip. The design of this probe allows it to be used in existing endoscopes by fitting it into a standard biopsy channel. The optical components required to be within the endoscope itself are small and passive so that, in the future, it may be built into new endoscope designs. These probes will improve the specificity of autofluorescence detection of cancers and precancers which will reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. This, in turn, will reduce the risk to patients, reduce the time required for autofluorescence procedures and reduce clinical costs as well.

描述（由申请人提供）：自发荧光内窥镜系统表现出对癌性或癌前病变检测的高灵敏度。这些区域通过组织自发荧光水平的降低来指示。这些区域的视觉检测很简单，但经常会导致假阳性读数，因为存在可能导致相同效果的良性条件。导致大量假阳性读数的方法被描述为特异性低的方法。为了提高自发荧光内窥镜检查的特异性，除了荧光强度降低的视觉评估之外，还可以获取其他信息。由组织反射的固有荧光和/或白光的色散或过滤产生的光谱信息已被证明可有效诊断癌组织。类似地，通过测量组织中的光散射获得的信息可用于对组织类型进行分类并测量重要组织成分（例如血红蛋白）的浓度。该信息与癌性病变的存在或不存在相关。过去，此类信息可通过光纤光谱探头通过内窥镜的活检通道并在视频观察下与组织直接接触来获得。该计划将开发一种非接触式光谱探头，将其固定在自发荧光内窥镜的远端。与自发荧光内窥镜结合使用的非接触式光谱探头有许多优点。如果探头内置于内窥镜中，则它始终可用。如果探头不接触组织，则不会因损坏组织表面并升起一层血液（很容易吸收荧光）而导致错误读数。使用非接触式探头更容易测量组织散射，因为这种散射对局部压力敏感。非接触式探头的操作更容易，因为可以在内窥镜成像显示器上直观地指示被光谱检查的区域，并通过调整远端尖端的方向来定位。该探头的设计使其可以通过将其安装到标准活检通道中来用于现有的内窥镜。内窥镜本身所需的光学元件很小且无源，因此将来可以将其内置到新的内窥镜设计中。这些探针将提高癌症和癌前病变的自发荧光检测的特异性，从而减少不必要的活检数量。反过来，这将降低患者的风险，减少自发荧光程序所需的时间，并降低临床成本。