Influence of Fitness on Brain and Cognition

健身对大脑和认知的影响

• 批准号: 7095187
• 负责人: ARTHUR F. KRAMER
• 金额: $ 60.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7095187
• 关键词: acute phase protein; age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; blood tests; body physical activity; brain; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain morphology; clinical research; cognition; exercise; functional magnetic resonance imaging; gray matter; human old age (65+); human subject; inflammation; interleukin 6; magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychology; physical fitness; psychological aspect of aging; psychological tests; white matter; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal examines the effect of aerobic fitness training on human cognition, brain structure, and brain function of older adults. Our study is prompted by the encouraging effects of fitness training on human cognition, (Coxcomb & Kramer, 2003) and more recently human brain structure and function (Colcombe et al., 2003, in press). Such effects are of great interest both for what they tell us about the nature of cognitive and brain aging and also for their public health implications. The main specific aims of our studies include: 1) To test the hypothesis that improvements in aerobic fitness of older adults will lead to improved performance on a variety of cognitive processes, and more specifically those processes that are supported, in large part, by frontal regions of the brain. 2) To test the hypothesis that the improvements in cognitive processes engendered by enhanced aerobic fitness will be supported by changes in underlying neural circuits, as inferred from patterns of fMRI activation obtained in a 3 tesla scanner. We hypothesize that the changes in the patterns of fMRI activation that result from improvements in aerobic fitness will approach those activation patterns exhibited by young adults. 3) To test the hypothesis that improvements in aerobic fitness, over the course of a 1 year intervention, will result in increases in gray and white matter volume in regions of the human brain (i.e. primarily frontal, medial temporal and parietal) that have previously been demonstrated to show sparing in cross-sectional studies. 4) To test the hypothesis that increased levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) and decreases in markers of inflammation (i.e. C-reactive protein & interleukin-6) engendered by improvements in aerobic fitness will moderate the fitness benefits observed on measures of cognition, brain function and structure.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案研究了有氧健身训练对老年人的人类认知、大脑结构和大脑功能的影响。我们的研究是由健身训练对人类认知的令人鼓舞的影响（Coxcomb & Kramer，2003）以及最近的人类大脑结构和功能（Colcombe 等人，2003，出版中）推动的。这些效应非常有趣，因为它们告诉我们认知和大脑衰老的本质，也因为它们对公共健康的影响。我们研究的主要具体目标包括：1）检验这样的假设：老年人有氧健身的改善将导致各种认知过程的表现提高，更具体地说，那些在很大程度上由额叶支持的过程大脑区域。 2) 检验以下假设：通过增强有氧健身而产生的认知过程的改善将得到基础神经回路变化的支持，正如从 3 特斯拉扫描仪中获得的 fMRI 激活模式推断的那样。我们假设，有氧健身改善所导致的功能磁共振成像激活模式的变化将接近年轻人所表现出的激活模式。 3) 检验以下假设：在一年的干预过程中，有氧健身的改善将导致人脑区域（即主要是额叶、内侧颞叶和顶叶）灰质和白质体积的增加，而这些区域之前的灰质和白质体积会增加。已被证明在横断面研究中显示出保护性。 4) 检验以下假设：有氧健身改善导致胰岛素样生长因子 I (IGF1) 水平增加和炎症标志物（即 C 反应蛋白和白细胞介素 6）减少，这将缓和在测量中观察到的健身益处认知、大脑功能和结构。