Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Olfaction

嗅觉的行为和生理机制

• 批准号: 7475120
• 负责人: BRIAN H. SMITH
• 金额: $ 34.73万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-01 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7475120
• 关键词: Accounting; Animal Model; Animals; Apis; Attenuated; Be++ element; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Beryllium; Biogenic Amines; Carbohydrates; Development; Disruption; Exhibits; Flowers; Funding; Genetic; Genome; Harvest; Individual; Insecta; Investigation; Laboratories; Learning; Lobe; Mammals; Microarray Analysis; Modeling; Molecular; Moths; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurosciences Research; Numbers; Octopamine; Odors; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmacological Treatment; Pheromone; Physiological; Pollen; Population; Process; Proteins; Psychological reinforcement; RNA Interference; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Serotonin; Smell Perception; Solutions; Source; Standardization; System; Techniques; Time; analog; comparative; conditioning; genetic manipulation; inattention; memory encoding; neuromechanism; olfactory bulb; prevent; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal will focus on using the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a model animal species for understanding mechanisms of behavioral plasticity toward odors. These animals are faced with the same types of olfactory problems as mammals. They require the capability to detect and respond to a very large number of odors because they depend on locating many different types of flowers to harvest carbohydrate resources in nectars. Association of these odors with nectar changes many times within an individual's lifetime, which also requires that animals learn about these associations. Like mammals, insects exhibit a variety of means to learn about and encode memories for floral odors. Comparative evidence indicates that behavioral and systems-level neural processing similarities between insects and mammals have evolved independently. That suggests that there may only be one general neural solution available to encode information about odors. Therefore, as comparative models, insects can be critical for revealing how odors are learned and encoded in the CNS, and whether this mechanism is fundamental to olfactory processing. The aims of this proposal are to evaluate mechanisms of neural plasticity that exist in the insect Antennal Lobes (AL), which are the neural analogs to the mammalian Olfactory Bulb (Hildebrand & Shepherd 1997). The central theme is that documented neural mechanisms and modulatory pathways in the AL that represent the presence (or absence) of reinforcement serve as a means to filter out unimportant, variable background odors. This allows biologically relevant, learned odors to be readily detected. There will be three aims. First, behavioral investigations will examine in detail mechanisms that underlie a learned inattention (CS preexposure effect) toward odors and blocking in odor-odor mixtures. In particular, manipulations of the conditioning context will reveal the extent to which specific theoretical treatments of CS preexposure can account for it in insects. Second, multichannel recording techniques will be employed to investigate whether and how these behavioral mechanisms may be implemented as a filtering mechanism in the AL. Third, pharmacological and molecular manipulation by way of RNA interference will be used to examine how modulatory pathways represent reinforcement in the AL by regulating biogenic amine (serotonin and octopamine) release.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案将集中于使用Honeybee（Apis Mellifera）作为模型动物物种，以理解行为可塑性对气味的机制。这些动物面临与哺乳动物相同类型的嗅觉问题。他们需要能够检测和响应大量气味，因为它们依赖于定位许多不同类型的花朵来收集花蜜中的碳水化合物资源。这些气味与花蜜的关联在个人的一生中多次变化，这也要求动物了解这些关联。像哺乳动物一样，昆虫表现出各种各样的方法来学习和编码花香的记忆。比较证据表明，昆虫与哺乳动物之间的行为和系统级神经加工相似性已经独立发展。这表明可能只有一种通用神经解决方案可以编码有关气味的信息。因此，作为比较模型，昆虫对于揭示了中枢神经系统中如何学习和编码的气味至关重要，以及这种机制是否对嗅觉加工至关重要。该提案的目的是评估昆虫触角（AL）中存在的神经可塑性的机制，后者是哺乳动物嗅球的神经类似物（Hildebrand＆Shepherd 1997）。中心主题是，在AL中，有记录的神经机制和调节途径代表加固的存在（或不存在）作为滤除不重要的可变背景气味的一种手段。这允许很容易检测到具有生物学相关的，学习的气味。将有三个目标。首先，行为调查将详细检查，这些机制是针对气味和气味混合物的涉嫌不关心（CS预启动效应）的基础。特别是，对调节环境的操纵将揭示CS预蒙蒙的特定理论治疗在多大程度上可以解释昆虫的。其次，将采用多通道记录技术来研究AL中是否以及如何将这些行为机制作为过滤机制实施。第三，通过RNA干扰的药理和分子操作将用于检查调节途径如何通过调节生物胺（5-羟色胺和章鱼胺）释放来代表AL中的增强。