Cue-reactivity and attention in smokers and nonsmokers

吸烟者和非吸烟者的提示反应和注意力

• 批准号: 7321132
• 负责人: Stephen J. Heishman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7321132
• 关键词: Cue; reactivity; attention; smokers; nonsmokers

One of the most common symptoms reported by people attempting to quit smoking is craving for cigarettes. Laboratory and clinical studies have shown that reports of tobacco craving increase during periods of abstinence and that craving predicts relapse in smokers trying to quit. Thus, tobacco craving appears to play a significant role in the maintenance of nicotine dependence and treatment outcome. The primary objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of active imagery versus in vivo cues in eliciting self-report and physiological responses indicative of tobacco craving. This study will also examine the effect of nicotine deprivation on cue-elicited craving, the duration of craving responses after cue manipulation, and the effect of nicotine deprivation on the attentional blink task. This study will establish a human laboratory model for investigating self-report and physiological responses to smoking cues. This model will be used in future studies to compare responses among various smoker groups (e.g., nicotine-dependent smokers, occasional smokers, former smokers) and smokers with co-morbid disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia. Smokers attend two experimental sessions, one in which they are at least 12 hours nicotine deprived and one in which they have been smoking normally. Never-smokers attend one experimental session. Experimental sessions begin with performance of the attentional blink task, which reflects a failure of the visual system to detect two target stimuli presented in rapid succession. This will be followed by four experimental trials, which will be presented in random order; each trial will last 30 minutes. The four trials are: 1) imagery script consisting of smoking descriptors, 2) imagery script with no smoking descriptors, 3) in vivo smoking cues, and 4) in vivo neutral cues. Participants will complete self-report measures of craving and have physiological measures taken immediately and 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after script or cue exposure. There will be a 5-10 minute rest period between trials. Primary outcome measures include self-report (Tobacco Craving Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale questions) and physiological (heart rate, blood pressure, finger temperature, and skin conductance) variables. A secondary outcome measure is the number of correct target detections on the attentional blink task.

试图戒烟的人报告的最常见症状之一就是渴望吸烟。实验室和临床研究表明，禁欲期间烟草渴望增加的报道以及渴望预测试图戒烟的吸烟者的复发。因此，烟草的渴望似乎在维持尼古丁依赖性和治疗结果中起着重要作用。这项研究的主要目的是比较主动图像与体内提示在引发自我报告和生理反应的有效性，这表明了烟草的渴望。这项研究还将研究尼古丁剥夺对提示引起的渴望的影响，提示操纵后的渴望反应持续时间以及尼古丁剥夺对注意力眨眼任务的影响。这项研究将建立一个人类实验室模型，用于研究自我报告和对吸烟线索的生理反应。该模型将在以后的研究中使用，以比较各种吸烟者（例如尼古丁依赖性吸烟者，偶尔吸烟者，以前的吸烟者）和患有合并症疾病的吸烟者（例如抑郁症和精神分裂症）的反应。吸烟者参加了两次实验课程，其中一次是尼古丁至少12个小时，其中一个是他们正常吸烟的。从未吸烟的人参加一次实验会议。实验性会话始于注意力眨眼任务的执行，这反映了视觉系统无法快速连续提出的两个目标刺激。随后将进行四项实验试验，这些试验将以随机顺序进行；每个试验将持续30分钟。这四个试验是：1）由吸烟描述符组成的图像脚本，2）没有吸烟描述符的图像脚本，3）体内吸烟提示，以及4）体内中性提示。参与者将完成渴望的自我报告措施，并立即采取生理措施，在脚本或提示暴露后5、10、20和30分钟。两次试验之间将有5-10分钟的休息时间。主要结果措施包括自我报告（烟草渴望问卷和视觉模拟量表问题）和生理（心率，血压，手指温度和皮肤电导）变量。次要结局指标是注意眨眼任务上正确目标检测的数量。