Neuroimaging Attentional Impairment During Abstinence

戒断期间的神经影像学注意力障碍

• 批准号: 7268613
• 负责人: Francis Joseph McClernon
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7268613
• 关键词: amygdala; arousal; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain circulation; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; cingulate gyrus; clinical research; cognition disorders; craving; drug /alcohol abstinence; drug addiction; emotional adjustment; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human middle age (35-64); human subject; neural information processing; neuropharmacology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychopharmacology; relapse /recurrence; smoking; thalamus; tobacco abuse; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Candidate: F. Joseph McClernon, Ph.D., is a Research Associate in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Medical Center (DUMC). His primary interests are in the cognitive, behavioral and emotional effects of tobacco smoking in humans including craving, withdrawal, and cessation treatment. Trained in clinical psychology and psychophysiology, he has the immediate goals of acquiring 1) intensive training in behavioral pharmacology, 2) skills in modern neuro-imaging techniques, and 3) training in the responsible conduct of clinical research. His long-term goal is to develop a high-quality research program integrating human psychopharmacology, neuro-imaging, and treatment development. Education: Through didactics, directed readings, and literature review authorship, Dr. McClernon will gain a background in general psychopharmacology with special emphases on brain reward pathways and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) systems. Local and offsite tutorials in advanced functional neuro-imaging topics and behavioral pharmacology research will be conducted. Additional training in clinical research program development, grantsmanship, and ethics will also be acquired. Research: Despite intensive health education, public policy, and clinical interventions, 23% of the adult U.S. population continues to smoke, and many who quit find remaining abstinent difficult. Recent evidence suggests that the maintenance of smoking behavior and failure to remain abstinent after quitting may be due in part to prolonged disturbances of cognitive functioning following quitting in many smokers. However, the neurobiological bases of these disturbances are not well understood. Thus, in his research project, Dr. McClernon will evaluate the effects of tobacco abstinence on sustained attention-a cognitive function mediated via cholinergic pathways-using fMRI methodology. Environment: DUMC provides a unique environment in which all of Dr. McClernon's career development goals can be accomplished. He has access to 1) state-of-the-art, research-dedicated functional neuro-imaging facilities, 2) graduate level courses in pharmacology and clinical research, and 3) consultants in a broad range of fields. Dr. McClernon will continue to administer current awards and compete for additional extramural funding while he completes the goals of the application.

描述（由申请人提供）： 候选人：F. Joseph McClernon 博士，杜克大学医学中心 (DUMC) 精神病学和行为科学系研究员。他的主要兴趣是吸烟对人类认知、行为和情感的影响，包括渴望、戒断和戒烟治疗。他接受过临床心理学和心理生理学培训，其近期目标是获得 1) 行为药理学强化培训，2) 现代神经影像技术技能，以及 3) 负责任地进行临床研究的培训。他的长期目标是开发一个整合人类精神药理学、神经成像和治疗开发的高质量研究项目。教育：通过教学、定向阅读和文献综述作者，麦克勒农博士将获得一般精神药理学的背景，特别强调大脑奖励途径和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）系统。将开展高级功能神经成像主题和行为药理学研究的本地和异地教程。还将获得临床研究项目开发、资助和伦理方面的额外培训。研究：尽管采取了强化健康教育、公共政策和临床干预措施，23% 的美国成年人仍在吸烟，许多戒烟者发现保持戒烟很困难。最近的证据表明，吸烟行为的维持和戒烟后未能保持戒烟可能部分是由于许多吸烟者戒烟后认知功能长期受到干扰。然而，这些紊乱的神经生物学基础尚不清楚。因此，在他的研究项目中，麦克勒农博士将使用功能磁共振成像方法评估戒烟对持续注意力（一种通过胆碱能途径介导的认知功能）的影响。环境： DUMC 提供了一个独特的环境，麦克勒农博士的所有职业发展目标都可以在其中实现。他可以使用 1) 最先进的、专用于研究的功能性神经影像设施，2) 药理学和临床研究的研究生课程，以及 3) 广泛领域的顾问。麦克勒农博士在完成申请目标的同时，将继续管理当前的奖项并争夺额外的校外资金。