Anomalous Motor Physiology In ADHD

ADHD 的异常运动生理学

• 批准号: 7281957
• 负责人: MARTHA BRIDGE DENCKLA
• 金额: $ 31.71万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7281957
• 关键词: Adolescence; Affect; Age; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cognitive; Contralateral; Data; Development; Disease; Effectiveness; Electromyography; Elements; Etiology; Failure; Family; Family Relationship; Fingers; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Genetic Variation; Goals; Hyperactive behavior; Image; Impairment; Learning; Localized; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor Pathways; Movement; Neurobiology; Neurologic; Occupations; Overlearning; Pattern; Performance; Physiologic pulse; Physiology; Population; Process; Psychopathology; Pulse taking; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Schools; Severities; Staging; Structure; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Visual; Work; base; cost; endophenotype; healthy aging; inattention; insight; motor control; neuropsychiatry; peer; programs; response; sex; social; study characteristics; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder that can cause substantial impairment in family/social relationships and the ability to succeed in school and occupation; yet, fundamental aspects of the neurobiology of ADHD remain poorly understood. Anomalous motor development is a consistent, but infrequently studied characteristic observed with ADHD that can provide insight into the neurologic basis of the disorder. Children with ADHD fail to meet age-norms on timed repetitive and sequential movements and manifest a greater amount of motor overflow than age-matched controls. These findings, which can accurately distinguish ADHD children from normal controls and children with other neuropsychiatric disorders, suggest that ADHD is associated with abnormalities of motor cortex inhibitory systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can localize and quantify inhibition within the motor cortex and thus are particularly suited to study motor inhibition in ADHD. We hypothesize that the neuromotor anomalies present in children with ADHD are associated with deficient intracortical and interhemispheric inhibition of the motor cortex. This hypothesis is consistent with studies suggesting that the central deficit of ADHD is a failure to inhibit or delay a behavioral response. Our preliminary studies using both fMRI and TMS suggest that abnormalities of motor cortex inhibition are present in children with ADHD. The overall goal of this project is to investigate the neurologic basis of motor anomalies associated with ADHD. We propose three specific aims. In the first aim we will measure overflow movements using electromyography (EMG) and accelerometry, which will allow us to detect meaningful correlations between overflow measurements and neurophysiologic and imaging data. The second aim will focus on examining motor cortex inhibition using TMS. The third aim will assess patterns of fMRI activation during simple finger movements, including activation patterns associated with overflow movements. We will then examine the relationship between abnormalities of cortical inhibition and measures of hyperactivity and inattention. The data from these studies will yield critical insights into the neurobiological basis of ADHD and will also set the stage for future development of more effective therapies for this population.

描述（由申请人提供）：注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）是一种高度普遍的疾病，可以在家庭/社会关系中造成重大损害，以及在学校和职业中取得成功的能力；然而，ADHD神经生物学的基本方面仍然很少理解。异常的运动发育是一种一致但经常研究的特征，可以为疾病的神经系统依据提供见解。 ADHD的儿童未能在定时重复和顺序运动上符合年龄 - 与年龄匹配的对照相比，运动溢出量更大。这些发现可以准确地将ADHD儿童与正常对照组和患有其他神经精神疾病的儿童区分开来表明ADHD与运动皮层抑制系统的异常有关。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和经颅磁刺激（TMS）可以在运动皮层内定位和量化抑制作用，因此特别适合研究ADHD中的运动抑制作用。我们假设ADHD儿童中存在的神经运动异常与运动皮层的心脏内和半球间抑制作用有关。该假设与表明ADHD的主要赤字未能抑制或延迟行为反应的研究一致。我们使用fMRI和TMS的初步研究表明，ADHD儿童存在运动皮层抑制的异常。该项目的总体目标是研究与ADHD相关的运动异常的神经系统基础。我们提出了三个具体目标。在第一个目的中，我们将使用肌电图（EMG）和加速度测定法测量溢流运动，这将使我们能够检测到溢流测量与神经生理学和成像数据之间的有意义的相关性。第二个目标将集中于使用TMS检查运动皮层抑制。第三个目标将在简单的手指运动过程中评估fMRI激活的模式，包括与溢流运动相关的激活模式。然后，我们将研究皮质抑制异常与多动症和注意力不集中的措施之间的关系。这些研究的数据将对多动症的神经生物学基础产生关键见解，也将为该人群的未来开发更有效的疗法奠定基础。