Airborne Transmission of Viruses in Human Subjects: Efficacy of Face Masks

病毒在人体中的空气传播：口罩的功效

• 批准号: 7293652
• 负责人: WERNER E BISCHOFF
• 金额: $ 31.18万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7293652
• 关键词: Airborne; Transmission; Viruses; Human; Subjects

Influenza, avian influenza, varicella, and SARS belong not only to the most virulent viruses known to human kind but are also spread by the airborne route. Strategies to prevent and control the oftenexplosive outbreaks associatedwith these pathogens are limited to vaccination and treatment, if available, or isolation and barrier precautions. The latter includes the utilization efface masks to interrupt the chain of transmission. However, the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of face masks has been solely based on studies using mannequin heads and non-viable tracers and/or bacteria. ; We propose to develop a model for the airborne dispersal of viable viral pathogens (human rhinovirus) and for testing the efficacy of barrier precautions such as face masks in human subjects. In the first aim, we will establish a test procedure to disperse particles in defined sizes (1 and 10 urn) containing preset amounts of rhinovirus. The particle sizes represent transmission by droplet (10 urn) or small particles (1 urn). Dispersal will be measured by a particle counter, and two air sampling methods, impaction and impingement. In the second aim, the dose-response curve of the human infectious dosage (HID) will be determined by exposure of human subjects to defined rhinovirus concentrations in the particle size of 1pm. Participants will be selected 1oreflect a representative group regarding susceptibility to rhinovirus. In the third aim, we propose to study the efficacy of face masks and fit-testing_procedures'*by exposure to 1 urn particles containing tiinovirus. First, the relevance of the transocular route will be determined by wearing eye protection during exposure to the rhinovirus (HID80). Participants will then be enrolled in intervention groups undergoing exposure to rhinovirus while wearing surgical masks or N 95 respirators with and without fit-testing. This proje<rt is the first attempt to develop a method for evaluation of the utility and efficacy effacemasks and fit-testing using a viable pathogen in human subjects. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the pathology of airborne viruses allows for a better risk assessment of transmission via the airborne route. This cnowledge is paramount in view of the inevitable viral pandemics.

流感，鸟类流感，水痘和SARS不仅属于人类已知的最毒性病毒 善良，但也通过空降路线传播。防止和控制tenexplosive的策略 与这些病原体相关的爆发仅限于疫苗接种和治疗（如果有）或隔离 和障碍预防措施。后者包括利用efface面具，以中断链 传播。但是，有关面罩功效的科学证据完全基于 在使用模特头和不可生存的示踪剂和/或细菌的研究上。 ; 我们建议开发一个模型，用于空中病毒病原体（人类鼻病毒）和 用于测试屏障预防措施的功效，例如面罩在人类受试者中。在第一个目标中，我们将 建立一个测试程序，以分散定义大小（1和10 urn）的颗粒，其中包含预设量 鼻病毒。粒径代表液滴（10 urn）或小颗粒（1 urn）的传输。分散 将通过粒子计数器和两种空气采样方法进行测量。在 第二个目的，人类感染剂量（HID）的剂量反应曲线将由暴露确定 人类受试者的粒度为下午1点的定义鼻病毒浓度。参与者会 选定的1个有关鼻病毒易感性的代表性组。在第三个目标中，我们提出 通过暴露于1个含有1个urn颗粒 蒂诺病毒。首先，分类路线的相关性将通过在 暴露于鼻病毒（HID80）。然后，参与者将入学 戴上手术口罩或n 95个呼吸器时，接触鼻病毒病毒。 此Proje <rt是开发一种评估效用和效力effacemasks的方法的尝试 并在人类受试者中使用可行的病原体进行拟合测试。此外，对 空气传播病毒的病理可以通过空降路线对传播进行更好的风险评估。这 鉴于不可避免的病毒大流行，Cnowledge至关重要。