Transgenerational Effects of Poverty and Geographic Isolation on the HPA System

贫困和地理隔离对 HPA 系统的跨代影响

• 批准号: 7251994
• 负责人: William Roger Mills-Koonce
• 金额: $ 7.09万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7251994
• 关键词: Address; Adrenal Glands; Affect; Affective; Age; American; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Books; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Chronic; Code; Communication; Communities; Condition; Data; Data Set; Development; Distress; Ecology; Emotional; Employment Opportunities; Exposure to; Family; Funding; Health; Health Resources; Health Services Accessibility; Household; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Informal Social Control; Knowledge; Life; Life Experience; Life Stress; Literature; Maternal Behavior; Maternal Physiology; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Health Services; Modeling; North Carolina; Nutritional; Parenting behavior; Parents; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pennsylvania; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Play; Population; Poverty; Problem behavior; Program Development; Psychophysiology; Purpose; Reading; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Series; Stress; System; Time; United States; Videotape; biological adaptation to stress; child well being; coping; design; emotional distress; experience; indexing; maternal stress; nutrition; programs; psychobiologic; research study; response; rural area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Parenting young children frequently involves dealing with child distress and emotional dysregulation, a child state that relies almost entirely on parental support for soothing and regulation. The stresses of living in poverty, especially for those families isolated geographically (such as those living in rural areas with less available or accessible resources for poor families), can further exacerbate the difficulties of parenting and jeopardize the socio-emotional development of children. Given this, the proposed project is designed to examine pathways by which community variables such as stress and geographic isolation manage to impact early psychophysiological development of children. The following questions are proposed for analysis: (1) For parents in rural poverty, does chronic exposure to poverty and stress result in a decreased ability to physiologically cope with stressful situations, as evidenced by lower levels of cortisol and a blunted cortisol response to stress? (2) Do decreased levels of cortisol reactivity in caregivers predict parenting behaviors that are atypical and dysregulating to children? (3) Do these atypical parenting behaviors in turn affect children's cortisol levels by exposing their developing stress responses systems to dysregulating and non- soothing parenting? The Family Life Project is an ideal data set for this purpose. This project has demographic, self-report, behavioral, and physiological data on 1292 families in rural North Carolina and Pennsylvania. At 6 and 15 months of child age, primary caregivers and children are observed in free play settings, picture book reading sessions, and during and following a series of challenge tasks for the child. Videotapes of all of these interactions are available for coding atypical maternal behavior as indexed by disrupted affective communication from the AMBIANCE coding system. In addition, salivary cortisol samples at each time point have been collected and assayed for children and caregivers prior to and following the challenge tasks. Very young children's experiences are often limited to interactions within the household. Community poverty and stress affect children by limiting nutritional and health resources, and by influencing the quality of family life they experience. Given that over 20 million children in the United States are living in poverty, it is critical that we understand both the short and the long term consequences of these conditions, including the ways in which poverty exerts its influences at very young ages. Furthermore, there is little to no research on families with young children who live in conditions of rural poverty. The absence of information on these families is particularly troubling considering that most children living in poverty are in non-metro areas. The proposed study is set to investigate this unique, although sizeable, population of American families.

描述（由申请人提供）：幼儿经常涉及处理儿童困扰和情绪失调，这是一个几乎完全依赖父母支持舒缓和调节的儿童状态。在贫困中生活的压力，特别是对于那些在地理上孤立的家庭（例如，在农村地区居住的人，对于贫困家庭而言较少或可访问的资源）可能会进一步加剧育儿的困难，并危及儿童的社会情感发展。鉴于此，拟议的项目旨在研究社区变量（例如压力和地理隔离）的途径，以影响儿童的早期心理生理发展。提出了以下问题进行分析：（1）对于农村贫困中的父母，长期暴露于贫困和压力会导致生理能力降低与压力状况的应对能力，这证明了较低的皮质醇水平和钝性的皮质醇对压力的反应证明？ （2）护理人员中皮质醇反应的水平降低了，预测父母的行为是非典型且对儿童非典型不良调节的行为？ （3）这些非典型的育儿行为反过来又会通过暴露其发展的压力反应系统来影响儿童的皮质醇水平，以使其失调和非舒缓育儿？家庭生活项目是为此目的的理想数据集。该项目在北卡罗来纳州和宾夕法尼亚州农村地区的1292个家庭上具有人口统计学，自我报告，行为和生理数据。在儿童年龄的6个月和15个月时，在自由游戏环境，图片读书课程以及对孩子的一系列挑战任务中和之后观察到了初级护理人员和儿童。所有这些相互作用的录像带可用于编码非典型孕产妇行为，这是由于氛围编码系统的情感交流而索引的。此外，在挑战任务之前和遵循挑战任务之前，还为儿童和护理人员收集了每个时间点的唾液皮质醇样品。很小的孩子的经历通常仅限于家庭中的互动。社区贫困和压力通过限制营养和卫生资源以及影响他们所经历的家庭生活质量来影响儿童。鉴于美国有超过2000万儿童生活在贫困中，至关重要的是，我们必须了解这些条件的短期和长期后果，包括贫困在很小的年龄的影响。此外，几乎没有关于生活在农村贫困状况的家庭的家庭。考虑到大多数居住在贫困中的儿童都在非米特罗地区，因此缺乏有关这些家庭的信息尤其令人不安。拟议的研究旨在调查这一独特的美国家庭，尽管很大，但很大。