Genetic Factors in Physical Activity and Obesity

体力活动和肥胖的遗传因素

• 批准号: 7270364
• 负责人: Molly Bray
• 金额: $ 45.22万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-15 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7270364
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adult; Affect; Age; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Size; Body measure procedure; Candidate Disease Gene; Complex; Diet; Differentiation and Growth; Disease; Energy Metabolism; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Exercise; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Gender; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Glucose; Growth; Heart Rate; Heterogeneity; Hyperphagia; Individual; Intervention; Lipids; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Mollies; Muscle; Muscle Cells; Numbers; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Physical activity; Plasma; Platelet Factor 4; Play; Predisposition; Prevention program; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Purpose; Race; Regulation; Risk; Role; Sampling; Satiation; Standards of Weights and Measures; Tissue Sample; Training; United States; Variant; Week; Woman; base; blood lipid; cell growth; cohort; college; design; diet and exercise; improved; intervention program; lipid biosynthesis; male; men; obesity risk; prevent; programs; response; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, more than half the adults in the U.S. are considered to be overweight, and almost one quarter of these adults meet or surpass the criteria for obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2). Numerous studies of related and unrelated individuals have provided support for the role of genes in the determination of body size and mass. This is particularly true in the case of morbidly obese young adults, in whom a genetic susceptibility for obesity very likely precedes or exacerbates the effects of overeating or lack of physical activity often found in these individuals. Prevention programs designed to reduce the risk of obesity commonly focus on modifiable environments and behaviors such as physical activity and diet, with varied results among individuals. This heterogeneity in response to obesity interventions is also at least in part of genetic origin. Nevertheless, little is known about how genetic variation in genes related to the regulation of body mass/fat and obesity may alter or influence one's response to exercise or diet intervention. Though the number of genetic factors that may be related to obesity is substantial, at least four mechanisms may contribute to an individual's body composition response to exercise intervention: 1) predisposition for the formation and growth of adipose tissue, 2) propensity for muscle cell growth or maintenance, 3) sensitivity to factors that influence satiety, and/or 4) alterations in energy metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between genetic variation within genes related to adipogenesis, myocyte differentiation and growth, satiety, and energy metabolism and response to a well-established 30-week exercise training protocol, as determined by changes in body composition and blood lipids, in a multi-racial cohort of college-age men and women. In addition, we will investigate levels of gene expression in adipose and muscle tissue samples both pre- and post-training in order to identify additional genes related to body composition and/or responsivity to exercise. We have selected a powerful sample of males and females from multiple racial groups (N=1,536) designed to maximize our likelihood of detecting genetic differences related to body composition change. Results of this study will be invaluable not only in understanding the processes of exercise response and body composition change but also in improving intervention programs designed to reduce or prevent obesity.

描述（由申请人提供）：目前，美国一半以上的成年人被认为超重，这些成年人中有几乎四分之一会满足或超过肥胖标准（BMI> 30 kg/m2）。相关和无关个体的大量研究为基因在确定体大小和质量中的作用提供了支持。在病态肥胖的年轻人的情况下，尤其如此，其中肥胖的遗传易感性很可能先于或加剧了这些人经常发现暴饮暴食或缺乏体育锻炼的影响。旨在降低肥胖风险的预防计划通常集中在可修改的环境和行为上，例如体育锻炼和饮食，个人之间的结果各不相同。响应肥胖干预措施的这种异质性至少在遗传起源的一部分也是如此。然而，几乎了解与体重/脂肪和肥胖有关的基因的遗传变异如何改变或影响人们对运动或饮食干预的反应。尽管可能与肥胖有关的遗传因素的数量是实质性的，但至少四种机制可能有助于个人对运动干预的身体组成反应：1）脂肪组织形成和生长的易感性，2）肌肉细胞生长或维持的倾向，3）对影响饱和的因素的敏感性，以及影响饱和的因素，或/或4）能量替代性抗体症。因此，这项研究的目的是研究基因中与脂肪生成，心肌分化和生长，饱腹感以及能量代谢以及对良好成熟的30周运动训练方案的反应有关的遗传变异，这取决于身体组成和血脂的变化，在多个型号的大学生中，女性和女性组成。此外，我们还将研究脂肪和肌肉组织样品中训练前后的基因表达水平，以鉴定与身体成分和/或对运动的反应性有关的其他基因。我们已经选择了来自多个种族群体的男性和女性的强大样本（n = 1,536），旨在最大程度地检测与身体成分变化有关的遗传差异的可能性。这项研究的结果不仅在理解运动反应和身体成分变化的过程中，而且在改善旨在减少或预防肥胖症的干预计划方面都是无价的。