Prenatal Drug Exposure: Effects on Adolescent Brain and Behavioral Development

产前药物暴露：对青少年大脑和行为发育的影响

• 批准号: 7126353
• 负责人: Maureen M Black
• 金额: $ 59.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7126353
• 关键词: African American; academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); attention; behavioral /social science research tag; child psychology; circadian rhythms; clinical research; cocaine; cortisol; drug abuse; embryo /fetus toxicology; executive function; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; longitudinal human study; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; neurotoxicology; short term memory; social psychology; urban poverty area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application extends a previously funded investigation among low-income, urban African American children through longitudinal follow-up into adolescence. The Experimental Group (High or Low Exposure) was prenatally exposed to cocaine, documented by toxicology tests at delivery. A comparison group was comprised of an unexposed matched sample of children from the same community. This translational application has two phases. The first phase examines how prenatal substance exposure is related to proximal brain functioning during adolescence, assessed through neuropsychological measures of attention, memory, and executive functioning; the neural correlates of working memory and response to risk and reward evaluation measured by fMRI; and diurnal rhythms of salivary cortisol. Because prenatal substance exposure often occurs in the context of environmental challenges (poverty, ongoing drug use, and disruptions in care), the application will examine whether the effects of prenatal substance exposure are moderated by environmental factors. In the second phase, the application will examine how prenatal substance exposure is related to adolescents' distal functioning via academic performance, socio-emotional development, and early drug use (marijuana). Response to acute challenges, measured by salivary cortisol, will be used to understand the adolescents' ability to adapt to environmental pressures and ultimately their resilience or vulnerability to early drug use. The application will examine whether the relationship from prenatal substance exposure to distal behavior is direct or mediated through proximal brain functioning. With developmental-ecological theory as a guide, a multi-method, multi-informant strategy is used, incorporating reports from adolescents, caregivers, and teachers; standardized measures of neuropsychological, academic, and socio-emotional performance; brain imaging; and biomarkers of the stress response (salivary cortisol) and drug use (hair and urine). This application examines academic performance, socio-emotional functioning, and drug use among adolescents exposed to cocaine and/or heroin prenatally.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该应用程序通过对青春期的纵向随访，将之前资助的一项针对低收入城市非裔美国儿童的调查延伸了出来。实验组（高或低暴露）在产前接触可卡因，并在分娩时进行毒理学测试记录。对照组由来自同一社区的未暴露的匹配儿童样本组成。该转化应用程序有两个阶段。第一阶段研究产前物质暴露与青春期近端大脑功能的关系，通过注意力、记忆力和执行功能的神经心理学测量进行评估；通过功能磁共振成像测量工作记忆和对风险和奖励评估的反应的神经相关性；和唾液皮质醇的昼夜节律。由于产前物质暴露通常发生在环境挑战（贫困、持续吸毒和护理中断）的背景下，因此该应用程序将检查产前物质暴露的影响是否受到环境因素的调节。在第二阶段，该应用程序将研究产前物质暴露如何通过学业表现、社会情感发展和早期吸毒（大麻）与青少年的远端功能相关。通过唾液皮质醇测量对严峻挑战的反应，将用于了解青少年适应环境压力的能力，以及最终他们对早期吸毒的适应力或脆弱性。该应用程序将检查产前物质暴露与远端行为的关系是直接的还是通过近端大脑功能介导的。以发展生态理论为指导，采用多方法、多信息策略，结合青少年、照顾者和教师的报告；神经心理学、学业和社会情感表现的标准化测量；脑成像；以及压力反应（唾液皮质醇）和药物使用（头发和尿液）的生物标志物。 该应用程序检查产前接触可卡因和/或海洛因的青少年的学业表现、社会情感功能和药物使用情况。