Challenge in Schools: Adolescent Overweight Prevention

学校面临的挑战：青少年超重预防

• 批准号: 7793542
• 负责人: Maureen M Black
• 金额: $ 64.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-20 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7793542
• 关键词: 13 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adopted; African American; Behavior; Body Composition; Body Size; Body fat; Child; Childhood; Collaborations; Communities; Consumption; Control Groups; Development; Diet; Elements; Enrollment; Environment; Epidemic; Equation; Evaluation; Family; Female; Female Adolescents; Food; Friends; Goals; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Home environment; Human Resources; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Low income; Maintenance; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Mentors; Meta-Analysis; Minority; Modeling; Overweight; Parents; Physical activity; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Public Health; Recommendation; Risk; Schools; Self Efficacy; Smoking; Staging; Students; System; Testing; Time; Universities; Walking; Work; Youth; base; behavior influence; college; design; directed attention; environmental change; fruits and vegetables; girls; good diet; group intervention; member; middle school; obesity prevention; peer; prevent; programs; public health relevance; randomized trial; social cognitive theory; theories; weight gain prevention

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pediatric overweight is a serious public health problem that is increasing in prevalence, particularly among minority children from low-income families. Although there has been much attention directed toward overweight prevention programs administered through the schools, most programs have not been effective in halting the accumulation of body fat that occurs during adolescence. The objectives of this application are to develop and implement a multilevel small group and school-wide intervention to prevent overweight among adolescent females by increasing consumption of healthy foods (fruits and vegetables) and time spent in physical activity. This application extends a recently completed randomized trial of a home and community-based health promotion/overweight prevention program (the Challenge Program), conducted by assigning college mentors to low-income, urban African-American adolescents. Adolescents enrolled in the intervention were statistically less likely to become overweight than adolescents in the control group over the 18-month study period. In the proposed project, the Challenge Program, which is based on developmental-ecological and social cognitive theory, has been extended to a small group format and pilot tested in schools. The proposed program retains many of the elements of the original program, including the college mentors, family and community modules, and collaboration with two urban YMCAs. The primary aim of the proposed project is to use a factorial design to compare a multi-level (school and small group) intervention with school-only, small group-only, or no intervention on body composition, diet, and physical activity among 800 low-income, urban, minority 12- 13 year old girls from 10 middle schools. The second aim is to examine whether the impact of the intervention on body composition, diet, and physical activity varies by: 1) family and peer support for adopting a healthy diet and engaging in physical activity or 2) stage of change for diet and physical activity. The final aim is to examine whether the impact of the intervention on adolescents' body composition, diet, and physical activity is mediated by changes in self-efficacy. In addition to evaluating the intervention, findings from the proposed study will enhance our understanding of how family and peer support, stage of change, and adolescents' self-efficacy for diet and physical activity are related to changes in body composition. Public Health Relevance: The objective of this application is to evaluate whether small group and school-wide interventions among 12-13 year old females in urban middle schools are effective in increasing consumption of healthy foods (fruits and vegetables) and time spent in physical activity. The 12-session small group intervention will be implemented by college mentors in collaboration with the YMCA and the school-wide intervention is a partnership among school personnel, students, parents, community members, and university representatives. Positive findings would suggest that interventions to prevent overweight among middle- school females should include school-wide and small group components with family, school, and community involvement.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童超重是一个严重的公共卫生问题，其患病率正在上升，特别是在低收入家庭的少数民族儿童中。尽管人们对学校实施的超重预防计划给予了很多关注，但大多数计划并不能有效地阻止青春期发生的身体脂肪积累。该应用程序的目标是制定和实施多层次的小组和全校干预措施，通过增加健康食品（水果和蔬菜）的消费和体育活动的时间来预防青春期女性超重。该应用程序扩展了最近完成的一项基于家庭和社区的健康促进/超重预防计划（挑战计划）的随机试验，该试验通过向低收入城市非裔美国青少年分配大学导师来进行。在 18 个月的研究期间，参与干预的青少年超重的可能性比对照组的青少年要低。在拟议的项目中，基于发展生态学和社会认知理论的挑战计划已扩展到小组形式并在学校进行试点测试。拟议的计划保留了原始计划的许多要素，包括大学导师、家庭和社区模块以及与两个城市基督教青年会的合作。拟议项目的主要目的是使用因子设计对 800 名参与者的身体成分、饮食和身体活动进行多层次（学校和小组）干预与仅学校干预、仅小组干预或不干预进行比较来自 10 所中学的低收入城市少数民族 12-13 岁女童。第二个目的是检查干预措施对身体成分、饮食和身体活动的影响是否因以下因素而变化：1) 家人和同伴对采用健康饮食和参加身体活动的支持，或 2) 饮食和身体活动的改变阶段活动。最终目的是检查干预对青少年身体成分、饮食和身体活动的影响是否是由自我效能的变化介导的。除了评估干预措施之外，拟议研究的结果还将增强我们对家庭和同伴支持、变化阶段以及青少年饮食和身体活动自我效能与身体成分变化之间关系的理解。 公共卫生相关性：本应用的目的是评估对城市中学 12-13 岁女性进行小组和全校干预是否能有效增加健康食品（水果和蔬菜）的消费和体育活动的时间。为期 12 节的小组干预将由大学导师与 YMCA 合作实施，全校范围的干预由学校工作人员、学生、家长、社区成员和大学代表合作实施。积极的研究结果表明，预防中学生体重超重的干预措施应包括全校范围和家庭、学校和社区参与的小组组成部分。