Traveling waves in visual cortex during binocularrivalry

双眼竞争期间视觉皮层的行波

• 批准号: 7118933
• 负责人: DAVID J HEEGER
• 金额: $ 38.36万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-02 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7118933
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; binocular vision; clinical research; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychology; psychophysics; visual cortex; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): When the two eyes view dissimilar patterns, one experiences a perceptual phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Instead of seeing both patterns superimposed, they are perceived in alternation. What makes this phenomenon remarkable is the dissociation between a constant physical stimulation and fluctuating perceptual experience. Because of this dissociation, binocular rivalry presents an opportunity for studying visual awareness, one of the deepest mysteries facing biomedical science. In spite of widespread interest, and an impressive volume of high-quality work on this topic, many of the central questions concerning the neural processing underlying binocular rivalry remain open. Particularly controversial is the role of primary visual cortex (V1) in rivalry. To address this controversy, we propose to capitalize on an interesting aspect of the perceptual phenomenon; during an alternation, one sees a traveling wave in which the dominance of one pattern emerges locally and expands progressively as it renders the other pattern invisible. Our experiments are designed to measure and characterize the neural basis of these perceptual waves. The proposed experiments will apply a combination of empirical methods (psychophysics and fMRI in humans; optical imaging, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and electrical stimulation in the awake monkey) to explain this perceptual phenomenon in terms of the underlying neural mechanisms and to test the following hypotheses: (1) that competition between the two rival stimuli is implemented by neural circuits in primary visual cortex (V1), i.e., that neural circuits in V1 play a causal role in triggering transitions during rivalry; (2) that for the consequences of this neural competition to be perceived, activity must advance to higher visual areas; and (3) that attention, mediated by feedback from higher visual areas, plays a crucial role in promoting neural activity from V1 to higher visual areas. We will then be in a position to develop and refine a computational theory of the neural processing in V1 that supports these traveling waves, and a theory that elaborates the role of V1 in visual awareness. The neural competition underlying perceptual alternations during rivalry is believed to be closely related to the strabismic suppression. Hence, the proposed experiments will provide useful information and will establish novel experimental protocols that can, in future work; be applied to further our understanding of strabismus and amblyopia.

描述（由申请人提供）：当两只眼睛查看不同的模式时，一种经历了一种感知现象，称为双眼竞争。它们没有看到两种模式叠加，而是在交替中被认为。使这种现象引人注目的是，恒定的物理刺激与波动的感知体验之间的解离。由于这种分离，双眼竞争为研究视觉意识提供了机会，这是生物医学科学面临的最深奥的奥秘之一。尽管人们普遍兴趣，并且在这个主题上有令人印象深刻的高质量工作，但有关双眼竞争基础神经加工的许多核心问题仍然开放。特别有争议的是主要视觉皮层（V1）在竞争中的作用。为了解决这一争议，我们建议利用感知现象的有趣方面；在交替的过程中，人们看到了一个行驶波，其中一种模式的优势在本地出现，并在使另一个模式变得不可见时逐渐扩展。我们的实验旨在测量和表征这些感知波的神经基础。 提出的实验将应用经验方法（人类中的心理物理学和fMRI；光学成像，电生理学，药理学，药理学和醒着猴子的电刺激）来解释这种感知现象，以这种感知现象来解释这种基本的神经机制，并通过测试下面的神经机制来实现下来的互动。 （v1），即V1中的神经回路在触发竞争期间的过渡中起因果作用； （2）为了感知这种神经竞争的后果，活动必须发展到更高的视觉区域； （3）通过较高视觉区域的反馈介导的注意力在促进从V1到较高视觉区域的神经活动中起着至关重要的作用。然后，我们将有能力开发和完善V1中神经处理的计算理论，该理论支持这些行进波，以及阐述V1在视觉意识中的作用的理论。 据信，在竞争期间的感知替代的基础神经竞争与斜度抑制密切相关。因此，拟议的实验将提供有用的信息，并将建立新的实验协议，以将来的工作。应用于进一步的理解，对斜视和弱视。