Multiple scales of representation in V1

V1 中的多种表示形式

• 批准号: 8945471
• 负责人: DAVID J HEEGER
• 金额: $ 41.24万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8945471
• 关键词: Affect; Amblyopia; Anisotropy; Architecture; Area; Arteries; Biological Models; Blood Vessels; Brain; Calcium; Clinical; Communities; Complex; Computer Simulation; Data; Disease; Electrodes; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Link; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Neurons; Neurosciences Research; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Play; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Radial; Relative (related person); Resolution; Resources; Role; Running; Sensory; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Tissues; Translational Research; Ursidae Family; V1 neuron; Veins; Vision; Vision research; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Work; area striata; base; blood flow measurement; cognitive system; hemodynamics; human subject; innovation; journal article; multidisciplinary; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; optical imaging; orientation selectivity; patient population; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinotopic; sensory neuroscience; simulation; stimulus processing; theories; tool; visual deprivation; visual neuroscience

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Primary visual cortex (V1) is likely the best studied sensory cortical area, and is a model for understanding broad principles of cortical processing. Similarly, orientation in V1 is likely one of the simplest and best studied cortical sensory features. Orientation is used as a model for understanding more complex feature processing in other cortical areas, and oriented V1-like receptive fields play an important role in successful computational models of vision. Yet even something as basic as the map of orientation on V1 is inadequately understood. We propose a multidisciplinary series of theoretical and empirical studies to characterize orientation selectivity from the scale of columns to that of retinotopic maps. We will test the hypothesis that coarse-scale biases in orientation preferences are fundamental to understanding the link between orientation-selective neural activity in V1 and orientation perception. We will distinguish and separately measure 3 different processes (stimulus vignetting, cardinal/radial gain fields, and asymmetric surround suppression) that might contribute to coarse-scale orientation biases. Doing so will enable us to characterize the cardinal/radial gain fields in V1 (i.e., the intrinsic representation of the stimulus orientation), independent of the edge effects (from stimulus vignetting and surround suppression), and determine the extent to which the gain field predict a perceptual phenomenon called the oblique effect. We will settle the controversy about fMRI decoding of stimulus orientation by quantifying the relative contribu- tions of fine- (i.e., columnar) vs. intermediate- (i.e., vascular pooling) v. coarse (i.e., stimulus vignetting, asymmetric surround suppression, cardinal/radial gain fields) scale biases in orientation preferences. Resolving the source of the orientation preferences in fMRI measurements from V1 will guide the interpretation of thousands of studies based on multivariate statistical analyses in other brain areas. We will develop and implement a model of the responses of an entire population of neurons in V1, that will enable simulations of all variety of methods: single- and multi-unit firing rates, calcium imaging, optical imaging, and fMRI responses, implemented so that it can be run on any stimulus image, including the stimulus aperture. Amongst other applications, the model will be used to establish the extent to which stimulus vignetting is a confound in vision and visual neuroscience research; almost every study in our field utilizes a stimulus aperture, but ignores the potential impact of the aperture. Variou disorders have been associated with differences in the topography and functional architecture of visual cortex, and/or with differences in visual sensitivity across the visual field. The experimental protocols that we propose will be readily applicable to patient populations. Consequently, the experimental protocols and theoretical principles that we propose will be widely applicable in basic as well as translational research.

 描述（由适用提供）：主要的视觉皮层（V1）可能是最佳的Studiod感觉皮层，并且是理解皮质处理广泛原理的模型。同样，V1中的方向可能是最简单，最佳的皮质感觉特征之一。方向用作理解其他皮质区域中更复杂的特征处理的模型，而定向的V1式接收场在成功的视力计算模型中起着重要作用。然而，即使是在V1上的方向地图等基本的东西也是不充分理解的。我们提出了一系列多学科的理论和经验研究，以表征从列的尺度到视网膜图的尺度的方向选择性。我们将测试以下假设：方向偏好中的粗尺度偏差是理解V1中方向选择性神经元活性与方向感知之间的联系至关重要的。我们将区分并分别测量3种不同的过程（刺激渐晕，基本/径向增益场和不对称的抑制），这可能会导致粗尺度方向偏见。这样做将使我们能够表征V1中的基本/径向增益场（即，刺激方向的内在表示）， 独立于边缘效应（来自刺激渐晕和周围的抑制），并确定增益场在多大程度上预测了一种感知现象，称为斜效应。我们将通过量化细胞（即圆柱）与中间 - （即血管池）与粗糙（即刺激刺激，不对称的抑制，红外/辐射激增领域的刺激）相对率，解决有关FMRI解码刺激方向的争议。通过V1解决fMRI测量中的方向偏好的来源将根据其他大脑区域的多元统计分析来指导数千项研究的解释。我们将开发并实施V1中整个神经元群体的响应模型，该模型将对各种各样进行模拟 方法：实施的单单元和多单元发射速率，钙成像，光学成像和fMRI响应，以便可以在任何刺激图像上运行，包括刺激孔径。除其他应用外，该模型将用于确定刺激渐晕的程度是视觉和视觉神经科学研究的混淆。我们领域的几乎每项研究都使用刺激孔径，但忽略了光圈的潜在影响。 Variou疾病与视觉皮层的地形和功能结构的差异和/或视觉场的视觉灵敏度差异有关。我们建议的实验方案将很容易适用于患者人群。因此，我们提出的实验方案和理论原则将广泛适用于基本和转化研究。