Microbial Control of Immature Anopheles Mosquitoes

未成熟按蚊的微生物控制

• 批准号: 7230514
• 负责人: Robert J. Novak
• 金额: $ 3.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-02 至 2007-05-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7230514
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; African; Age; Agriculture; Agrochemicals; Anopheles Genus; Area; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacteria; Behavior; Biocontrols; Blood; Characteristics; Chemistry; Clinical Treatment; Code; Complex; Condition; Correlation Studies; Coupled; Culicidae; Daily; Data; Databases; Desiccation; Development; Drainage procedure; Drug Formulations; Ecology; Ecosystem; Elements; Enzyme Immunoassay; Equipment; Evaluation; Event; Exposure to; Failure; Feeding behaviors; Fertilizers; Fisheries; Floods; Forestry; Goals; Habitats; Hand functions; Herbicides; Human; Human Bites; Humidity; Imagery; Immigration; Incidence; Industry; Infection; Information Systems; Ingestion; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; International; Invertebrates; Investigation; Irrigation; Japanese Population; Kenya; Label; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Larva; Left; Life; Life Table Analyses; Light; Livestock; Location; Malaria; Maps; Measures; Medical Surveillance; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Mosquito Control; Notification; Numbers; Organophosphates; Outcome; Pathogenicity; Pattern; Physiological; Placement; Population; Population Dynamics; Positioning Attribute; Predatory Behavior; Predisposition; Productivity; Pupa; Range; Rate; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Research Proposals; Residual state; Rice; Role; Saccharum; Safety; Sampling; Scheme; Seedling; Site; Sporozoites; Staging; Standards of Weights and Measures; Surface; Surveys; System; Techniques; Temephos; Testing; Time; Title; Toxicology; Toxin; Transplantation; Treatment Protocols; Ultraviolet Rays; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Vertebrates; Water; base; chemical property; cost; density; design; egg; feeding; field study; indexing; killings; larval control; man; microbial; mortality; neglect; novel; programs; remote sensing; research study; soil sampling; survivorship; tool; transmission process; vector; water quality

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The scientific goal of this research proposal is to demonstrate that larval management using environmentally safe and efficacious microbial insecticides in rice can provide an integral part of a malaria control program. This investigation is designed to develop larval management strategies and new microbial formulations that can provide additional entomological tools to reduce malaria in conjunction with adult control, personal protection, and clinical treatment. This proposal emphasizes attacking anopheline mosquitoes before they become airborne, when they are the most concentrated, immobile and accessible, or basic Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM). The greatest barrier to initiating a larval management program is that larval ecology of African malaria vectors is a neglected area of malaria research. Thus there has also been an associated lack of research in the development and deployment of environmentally safe microbial larvicides, such as Bacillus thuriengiensis var. isrealensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph). In order to develop, implement, and maintain a mosquito management program in rice irrigation schemes, we must determine site-specific IMM critical elements; the when, where, and how to reduce adult emergence by larval management. This study will provide both the efficacy data on the impact of microbial control and critical environmental data necessary for registration of new formulations both in the US and in international locations, thus circumventing prohibitive costs to industry. To accomplish this goal, the following specific aims have been developed. 1) determine the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of Anopheles larval habitats and their vector productivity in irrigated rice-village complexes, 2) determine the key environmental, agricultural, and ecological factors that regulate vector productivity and non-target abundance and diversity in the larval habitats, 3) develop, evaluate and register new microbial-larvicide formulation(s) designed for effective residual control of anopheline larvae, and 4) implement and evaluate the impact of an area-wide mosquito management program on the entomological parameters associated with the transmission of malaria in rice.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究计划的科学目标是证明在水稻中使用环境安全且有效的微生物杀虫剂进行幼虫管理可以成为疟疾控制计划的一个组成部分。这项研究旨在开发幼虫管理策略和新的微生物配方，这些策略和新的微生物制剂可以提供额外的昆虫学工具，结合成虫控制、个人防护和临床治疗来减少疟疾。该提案强调在按蚊在空气中传播之前进行攻击，此时它们最集中、最不动、最容易接近，或者说是基本的综合蚊子管理（IMM）。启动幼虫管理计划的最大障碍是非洲疟疾媒介的幼虫生态学是疟疾研究中被忽视的领域。因此，在开发和部署环境安全的微生物杀幼虫剂方面也缺乏相关的研究，例如苏云金芽孢杆菌变种。 isrealensis (Bti) 和球形芽孢杆菌 (Bsph)。为了制定、实施和维持水稻灌溉计划中的蚊子管理计划，我们必须确定特定地点的 IMM 关键要素；通过幼虫管理减少成虫羽化的时间、地点和方式。这项研究将提供有关微生物控制影响的功效数据，以及在美国和国际地区注册新配方所需的关键环境数据，从而规避行业高昂的成本。为了实现这一目标，制定了以下具体目标。 1) 确定灌溉稻田-村庄综合体中按蚊幼虫栖息地的时空分布和丰度及其媒介生产力，2) 确定调节媒介生产力和非目标丰度和多样性的关键环境、农业和生态因素幼虫栖息地，3) 开发、评估和注册新的微生物杀幼虫制剂，旨在有效控制按蚊幼虫的残留，以及 4) 实施并评估一项措施的影响关于与稻米传播疟疾相关的昆虫学参数的区域性蚊子管理方案。